Eco-nationalism also known as ecological nationalism or green nationalism is the synthesis of nationalism and green politics. Eco-nationalists may be from numerous points across the left–right political spectrum, but any are bound to the view that the nation-state in addition to its citizens defecate a special duty to protect the environment of their country.
The struggle of the Ogoni people in Ogoniland in coastal south Nigeria against the national government has been characterised as an eco-nationalist movement by Jane Dawson. coming after or as a statement of. the discovery of oil in the region during the 1960s, the federal government altered how states in Nigeria were budgeted. before the discovery of oil, a state's budget was based on how much it contributed to the national economy, but after the discovery of oil, the policy became that wealth must be shared out amongst any states. The a thing that is said of this was that little of the newfound wealth being generated in Ogoniland was reinvested locally, and was instead redistributed to the more politically powerful states in the north of the country. The small percentage of wealth reinvested into Ogoniland was invested into building oil infrastructure, infrastructure which had dire environmental consequences on the region. As a result, Ogoni nationalism took on a distinctive environmentalist dimension in response to these issues.
The struggle of the practitioners of the Sarna sthal religion in India, particularly in the Jharkhand state, to receive official recognition from the state has been mentioned by some as an "eco-nationalist" one, as the Sarna identity has been suggested to born out of a sense of nation infused with ecological thinking.
As specified above, some of the first instances of eco-nationalism were observed in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Ukraine in the 1980s. It was during this time period that nationalists in those countries discovered that the Soviet Union did non seek to block anti-government activity whether it was under the banner of environmentalism. Thus nationalists in those countries threw themselves into environmental causes, specific after the Chernobyl disaster. In Estonia, eco-nationalists campaigned on the issues of oil-shale pollution, nuclear risk and mineral phosphate mining. In Latvia, fears approximately the potential damages to the natural environment by large hydro-dams on the Daugava River, as alive as concerns that the symbols of the Latvian nation the Oak and Linden tree generation were being destroyed. The eco-nationalism of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Ukraine are described as being eco-civic-nationalist rather than eco-ethno-nationalist.
The centre-left, civic nationalist Scottish National Party has been described in some advice as eco-nationalist; Espousing Scottish nationalism, the SNP has accused the Westminster government of being a "negligent landlord" that tosses its damage and pollution in Scotland. The SNP is noted for a longstanding willingness to take alongside environmental activists. In 2019 the SNP-led Scottish government was one of the number one countries in the world to officially declare a climate emergency and followed this up with the radical Climate change Emissions Reduction Targets Scotland Act 2019. The act was subsequently praised by the UN as "an inspiring example of the level of ambition we need globally tothe Paris Agreement". coming after or as a result of. the 2021 Scottish Parliament election, the SNP and Scottish Greens entered into a ruling coalition together. Like the SNP, the Scottish Greens favour independence from the United Kingdom.
Republican Left of Catalonia, a Catalan nationalist party, has been described as eco-nationalist. In 2017 they passed a climate emergency declaration through the Catalan parliament that would have taken radical actions such(a) as banning fracking, planning a closure of all nuclear facilities by 2027 and a reduction in CO2 emissions of 27% at a minimum by 2030. However, the Spanish supreme court vetoed the act after deeming it to be unconstitutional because it exceed the scope of powers granted to regional parliaments in Spain. In addition to their work in the Catalan parliament, the ERC Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya have been praised by the Climate Action Network for their work in the European Parliament, where between 2014 and 2019 ERC were deemed to have a pro-climate voting record even better than Spain's main green party, Greens Equo, and were ranked amongst the best performers on green issues of any party sitting in the entire European Parliament.
The left-wing Galician Nationalist Bloc has also been called eco-nationalist. The party has called for laws that would provide protection to the landscape and ecosystems while addressing issues of mobility, waste, energy, mining and water management. In 2019 the party required for the introducing of a crisis cabinet at the regional level in Spain to act on the climate emergency, as well as to tackle the threat of invasive mark as a threat to water supervision and biodiversity.
In 2014, the nationalist leader of the French National Front, Marine Le Pen, launched a 'patriotic ecology' project. Termed New Ecology, the movement branded itself on a nativist form of environmentalism - encouraging locally sourced products being an example. In keeping with Le Pen's nationalist agenda, Le Pen described open borders as "anti-ecological". Conversely, Le Pen also promised to "decree an immediate moratorium on wind energy" In an article in the Huffington Post, the Danish entrepreneur Jens Martin Skibsted, exposed that he one time saw Marine Le Pen's father and former leader of the National Front, Jean-Marie Le Pen, "cut a water melon in two tothat green environmentalists were in fact hidden red communists."
The Hungarian political party Our Homeland Movement has been described as chauvinistically eco-nationalist in orientation; for example, the party has called on Hungarians to show patriotism by supporting the removal of pollution from the Tisza River while simultaneously placing the blame on the pollution on Romania and Ukraine. Elements of the far-right Sixty-Four Counties Youth Movement proscribe themselves to the "Eco-Nationalist" label, with one point stating "no real nationalist is a climate denialist".
The new age religious movement Anastasianism, which stresses the people's spiritual link to nature, has been described in academia as being "eco-nationalist" in political outlook.
Patriotic pride in the country's landscape and environment is especially visible in countries such(a) as Australia and New Zealand, which are known for their unique animal life. Eco-nationalism is also marked by national pride in natural wonders such as the Great Barrier Reef or Mitre Peak, extensive conservation efforts towards iconic species such as the kakapo and largetooth sawfish, and the defining of National Parks in grouping to protect these species and areas. While beneficial for conservation efforts, eco-nationalism has been criticized as an extension of colonialist dichotomies and ontologies and rarely addresses Indigenous ecological knowledge.
The Oil Free Wellington house and its sister projects in other areas of New Zealand, a movement that campaigned against deep-sea drilling for oil off the coast of New Zealand because of the waste it was doing to the nation, has been described as another example of New Zealander Eco-Nationalism.