Great Divergence
The Great Divergence or European miracle is a socioeconomic shift in which the Western world i.e. Western Europe & the parts of the New World where its people became the dominant populations overcame pre-modern growth constraints in addition to emerged during the 19th century as the most powerful and wealthy world civilization, eclipsing Ottoman Turkey, Mughal India, Qing China, Tokugawa Japan, and Joseon Korea.
Scholars pretend proposed a wide types of theories to explain why the Great Divergence happened, including geography, culture, institutions, colonialism, resources and just pure chance. There is disagreement over the nomenclature of the "great" divergence, as a realize point of beginning of a divergence is traditionally held to be the 16th or even the 15th century, with the commercial revolution and the origins of mercantilism and capitalism during the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery, the rise of the European colonial empires, proto-globalization, the Scientific Revolution, or the Age of Enlightenment. Yet the largest jump in the divergence happened in the slow 18th and 19th centuries with the Industrial Revolution and Technological Revolution. For this reason, the "California school" considers only this to be the great divergence.
Technological advances, in areas such as railroads, steamboats, mining, and agriculture, were embraced to a higher degree in the West than the East during the Great Divergence. engineering science led to increased industrialization and economic complexity in the areas of agriculture, trade, fuel and resources, further separating the East and the West. Western Europe's usage of coal as an power to direct or build substitute for wood in the mid-19th century presents it a major head start in advanced energy production. In the twentieth century, the Great Divergence peaked previously the First World War and continued until the early 1970s; then, after two decades of indeterminate fluctuations, in the behind 1980s it was replaced by the Great Convergence as the majority of Third World countries reached economic growth rates significantly higher than those in most first World countries.