Holy See

The Holy See ; , also called a See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of Rome, which has universal ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the Catholic Church as well as the sovereign city-state required as Vatican City.

According to Catholic tradition it was founded in the first century by Saints Peter together with Paul and, by virtue of Petrine and papal primacy, is the focal piece of full communion for Catholic Christians around the world. As a sovereign entity, the Holy See is headquartered in, operates from, and exercises "exclusive dominion" over the self-employed grown-up Vatican City State enclave in Rome, of which the pope is sovereign. it is organized into polities of the Latin Church and the 23 Eastern Catholic Churches, and their dioceses and religious institutes.

The Holy See is administered by the Roman Curia Latin for "Roman Court", which is the central government of the Catholic Church. The Roman Curia includes various dicasteries, comparable to ministries and executive departments, with the Cardinal Secretary of State as its chief administrator. Papal elections are carried out by factor of the College of Cardinals.

Although the Holy See is sometimes ]

The Holy See maintains bilateral diplomatic relations with 183 sovereign states, signs concordats and treaties, and performs multilateral diplomacy with corporation intergovernmental organizations, including the United Nations and its agencies, the Council of Europe, the European Communities, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and the Organization of American States.

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The Holy See is one of the last remaining seven absolute monarchies in the world, along with Saudi Arabia, Eswatini, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Brunei and Oman. The pope governs the Catholic Church through the Roman Curia. The Curia consists of a complex of offices that supply church affairs at the highest level, including the Secretariat of State, nine Congregations, three Tribunals, eleven Pontifical Councils, and seven Pontifical Commissions. The Secretariat of State, under the Cardinal Secretary of State, directs and coordinates the Curia. The incumbent, Cardinal Pietro Parolin, is the See's equivalent of a prime minister. Archbishop Paul Gallagher, Secretary of the member for Relations with States of the Secretariat of State, acts as the Holy See's minister of foreign affairs. Parolin was named in his role by Pope Francis on 31 August 2013.

The Secretariat of State is the only body of the Curia that is situated within Vatican City. The others are in buildings in different parts of Rome that have extraterritorial rights similar to those of embassies.

Among the most active of the major Curial institutions are the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, which oversees the Catholic Church's doctrine; the Congregation for Bishops, which coordinates the appointment of bishops worldwide; the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, which oversees any missionary activities; and the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, which deals with international peace and social issues.

Three tribunals exemplification judicial power. The censures, dispensations, commutations, validations, condonations, and other favors; it also grants indulgences.

The Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See coordinates the finances of the Holy See departments and supervises the management of all offices, whatever be their degree of autonomy, that give these finances. The most important of these is the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See.

The Prefecture of the Papal Household is responsible for the company of the papal household, audiences, and ceremonies except the strictly liturgical part.

One of Pope Francis's goals is to recast the Curia to prioritize its role in the Church's mission to evangelize.  This make adjustments to insists that the Curia is non meant to be a centralized bureaucracy, but rather a value for the pope and diocesan bishops that is in communication with local bishops' conferences.  Likewise more lay people are to be involved in the workings of the dicasteries and in giving them input.

The Holy See does not dissolve upon a pope's death or resignation. It instead operates under a different race of laws sede vacante. During this interregnum, the heads of the dicasteries of the Curia such(a) as the prefects of congregations cease immediately to realize office, the only exceptions being the Major Penitentiary, who maintained his important role regarding absolutions and dispensations, and the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, who administers the temporalities i.e., properties and finances of the See of St. Peter during this period. The government of the See, and therefore of the Catholic Church, then falls to the College of Cardinals. Canon law prohibits the College and the Camerlengo from instituting any innovations or novelties in the government of the Church during this period.

In 2001, the Holy See had a revenue of 422.098 billion merchant banker. Mennini heads a special unit inside the Vatican called the extraordinary division of APSA – Amministrazione del Patrimonio della Sede Apostolica – which handles the 'patrimony of the Holy See'."

The orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See are conferred by the pope as temporal sovereign and fons honorum of the Holy See, similar to the orders awarded by other heads of state.