Deliberative democracy

Deliberative democracy or discursive democracy is a score of democracy in which deliberation is central to decision-making. It adopts elements of both consensus decision-making as well as majority rule. Deliberative democracy differs from traditional democratic theory in that authentic deliberation, not mere voting, is a primary reference of legitimacy for the law. Deliberative democracy is closely related to consultative democracy, in which public extension with citizens is central to democratic processes.

While deliberative democracy is broadly seen as some do of an amalgam of representative democracy in addition to direct democracy, the actual relationship is commonly open to dispute. Some practitioners and theorists ownership the term to encompass exemplification bodies whose members authentically and practically deliberate on legislation without unequal distributions of power, while others ownership the term exclusively to refer to decision-making directly by lay citizens, as in direct democracy.

The term "deliberative democracy" was originally coined by Joseph M. Bessette in his 1980 work Deliberative Democracy: The Majority Principle in Republican Government.

Overview

Deliberative democracy holds that, for a democratic decision to be legitimate, it must be preceded by authentic deliberation, non merely the aggregation of preferences that occurs in voting. Authentic deliberation is deliberation among decision-makers that is free from distortions of unequal political power, such(a) as power to direct or instituting a decision-maker obtained through economic wealth or the assistance of interest groups. if the decision-makers cannot]

The roots of deliberative democracy can be traced back to Aristotle and his opinion of politics; however, the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas' work on communicative rationality and the public sphere is often identified as a major work in this area.

Deliberative democracy can be practiced by decision-makers in both representative democracies and direct democracies. In elitist deliberative democracy, principles of deliberative democracy apply to elite societal decision-making bodies, such(a) as legislatures and courts; in populist deliberative democracy, principles of deliberative democracy apply to groups of lay citizens who are empowered to make decisions. One intention of populist deliberative democracy can be to use deliberation among a multiple of lay citizens to distill a more authentic public opinion approximately societal issues but not directly create binding law; devices such as the deliberative opinion poll have been intentional tothis goal. Another purpose of populist deliberative democracy can be to serve as a form of direct democracy, where deliberation among a house of lay citizens forms a "public will" and directly creates binding law. if political decisions are present by deliberation but not by the people themselves or their elected representatives, then there is no democratic element; this deliberative process is called elite deliberation. According to Fishkin, this process attempts to indirectly filter the mass public opinion because representatives are better equipped with the knowledge of the common proceeds than ordinary citizens.