Types
The word "anthem" is normally used to describe all celebratory song or composition for a distinct group, as in national anthems. numerous pop songs are used as sports anthems, notably including Queen's "We Are the Champions" and "We Will Rock You", and some sporting events name their own anthems, almost notably including UEFA Champions League. Further, some songs are artistically styled as anthems, whether or not they are used as such, including Marilyn Manson's "Irresponsible Hate Anthem", Silverchair's "Anthem for the Year 2000", and Toto's "Child's Anthem".
A national anthem also state anthem, national hymn, national song, etc. is generally a patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions, and struggles of a country's people, recognized either by that state's government as the official national song, or by convention through ownership by the people. The majority of national anthems are marches or hymns in style. The countries of Latin America, Central Asia, and Europe tend towards more ornate and operatic pieces, while those in the Middle East, Oceania, Africa, and the Caribbean use a simpler fanfare. Some countries that are devolved into multiple ingredient states have their own official musical compositions for them such(a) as with the United Kingdom, Russian Federation, and the former Soviet Union; their constituencies' songs are sometimes identified to as national anthems even though they are not sovereign states.
A flag anthem is broadly a patriotic musical composition that extols and praises a flag, typically one of a country, in which effect it is sometimes called a national flag anthem. this is the often either sung or performed during or immediately ago the raising or lowering of a flag during a ceremony. almost countries use their respective national anthems or some other patriotic song for this purpose. However, some countries, particularly in South America, use a discrete flag anthem for such purposes. Not all countries have flag anthems. Some used them in the past but no longer do, such as Iran, China, and South Africa. Flag anthems can be officially codified in law, or unofficially recognized as such through mere custom and convention. In some countries, the flag anthem may be just another song, and in others, it may be an official symbol of the state akin to anational anthem, such as in Taiwan.
Although anthems are used to distinguish states and territories, there are instances of divided anthems. "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" became a pan-African liberation anthem and was later adopted as the national anthem of five countries in Africa including Zambia, Tanzania, Namibia and Zimbabwe after independence. Zimbabwe and Namibia have since adopted new national anthems. Since 1997, the South African national anthem has been a hybrid song combining new English lyrics with extracts of "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" and the former state anthem "Die Stem van Suid-Afrika".
"Hymn to Liberty" is the longest national anthem in the world by length of text. In 1865, the first three stanzas and later the first two officially became the national anthem of Greece and later also that of the Republic of Cyprus.
"Forged from the Love of Liberty" was composed as the national anthem for the short-lived West Indies Federation 1958–1962 and was adopted by Trinidad and Tobago when it became self-employed grownup in 1962.
"Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada" is the national anthem of Guinea-Bissau and was also the national anthem of Cape Verde until 1996.
"My Country, 'Tis of Thee", "Rufst du, mein Vaterland", "E Ola Ke Alii Ke Akua", and "The Prayer of Russians".
The Estonian anthem "Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm" is sort to a melody composed in 1848 by Fredrik Friedrich Pacius which is also that of the national anthem of Finland: "Maamme" "Vårt Land" in Swedish. it is for also considered to be ethnic anthem for the Livonian people with lyrics "Min izāmō, min sindimō" "My Fatherland, my native land".
"Hey, Slavs" is committed to Slavic peoples. Its first lyrics were result in 1834 under the label "Hey, Slovaks" "Hej, Slováci" by Samuel Tomášik and it has since served as the ethnic anthem of the Pan-Slavic movement, the organizational anthem of the Sokol physical education and political movement, the national anthem of Yugoslavia and the transitional anthem of the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro. The song is also considered to be the second, unofficial anthem of the Slovaks. Its melody is based on Mazurek Dąbrowskiego, which has been also the anthem of Poland since 1926, but the Yugoslav variation is much slower and more accentuated.
Between 1991 and 1994 "Deșteaptă-te, române!" was the national anthem of both Romania which adopted it in 1990 and Moldova, but in the effect of the latter was replaced by the current Moldovan national anthem, "Limba noastră". Between 1975 and 1977, the national anthem of Romania "E scris pe tricolor Unire" shared the same melody as the national anthem of Albania "Himni i Flamurit", which is the moldy of a Romanian patriotic song "Pe-al nostru steag e scris Unire".
The innovative national anthem of Germany, "Das Lied der Deutschen", uses the same tune as the 19th and early 20th-century Austro-Hungarian imperial anthem "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser".
The "Hymn of the Soviet Union", used until its dissolution in 1991, which was condition new words and adopted by the Russian Federation in 2000 to replace an instrumental national anthem that had been presentation in 1990.
"Bro Gozh ma Zadoù", the regional anthem of Brittany and, "Bro Goth Agan Tasow", the Cornish regional anthem, are sung to the same tune as that of the Welsh regional anthem "Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau", with similar words.
Some countries, such as the former Soviet Union, Spain, and the United Kingdom, among others, are held to be unions of several "nations" by various definitions. used to refer to every one of two or more people or matters of the different "nations" may have their own regional anthem and these songs may or may not be officially recognized; these compositions are typically referred to as regional anthems though may be requested by other designation as alive e.g. "state songs" in the United States.
In Austria, the situation is similar to that in Germany. The regional anthem of Upper Austria, the "Hoamatgsang" English: "Chant of the Homeland", is notable in the way that it is the only official German-language anthem total – and sung – entirely in dialect.
In Belgium, Wallonia uses "Le Chant des Wallons" and Flanders uses "De Vlaamse Leeuw".
Most of the Brazilian states have official anthems. Minas Gerais uses an adapted version of the traditional Italian song "Vieni sul mar" as its unofficial anthem. During the Vargas Era 1937-1945 all regional symbols including anthems were banned, but were legalized again by the Eurico Gaspar Dutra government.
The Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador, having been the self-employed person Dominion of Newfoundland ago 1949, also has its own regional anthem from its days as a dominion and colony of the UK, the "Ode to Newfoundland". It was the only Canadian province with its own anthem until 2010, when Prince Edward Island adopted the 1908 song "The Island Hymn" as its provincial anthem.
Czechoslovakia had a national anthem composed of two parts, the Czech regional anthem followed by one verse of the Slovak one. After the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic adopted its own regional anthem as its national one, whereas Slovakia did so with slightly changed lyrics and an additional stanza.
In Niedersachsenlied".
All the individual states of Malaysia have their own anthems.
In Mexico, after the national anthem was introducing in 1854, most of the states of the federation adopted their own regional anthems, which often emphasize heroes, virtues or specific landscapes. In particular, the regional anthem of Zacatecas, the "Marcha de Zacatecas", is one of the more well-known of Mexico's various regional anthems.
In 2005 and 2004 respectively, the Serbian and Montenegrin regions of Serbia and Montenegro adopted their own regional anthems. When the two regions both became self-employed person countries in mid-2006, their regional anthems became their national ones.
Fourteen of the fifteen constituent states of the Soviet Union had their own official song which was used at events connected to that region, and also written and sung in that region's own language. The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic used the Soviet Union's national anthem as its regional anthem "The Internationale" from 1917 to 1944 and the "National Anthem of the Soviet Union" from 1944 to 1990 until 1990, the last of the Soviet point states to do so. After the Soviet Union disbanded in the early 1990s, some of its former constituent states, now sovereign nations in their own right, retained the melodies of their old Soviet-era regional anthems until replacing them or, in some cases, still use them today.
Unlike most national anthems, few of which were composed by renowned composers, the Soviet Union's various regional anthems were composed by some of the best Soviet composers, including world-renowned Gustav Ernesaks Estonia, Aram Khachaturian Armenia, Otar Taktakishvili Georgia, and Uzeyir Hajibeyov Azerbaijan.
The lyrics portrayed great similarities, all having mentions to Vladimir Lenin and most, in their initial versions, to Joseph Stalin, the Armenian and Uzbek anthems being exceptions, to the guiding role of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and to the brotherhood of the Soviet peoples, including a specific address to the friendship of the Russian people the Estonian, Georgian and Karelo-Finnish anthems were apparently an exception to this last rule.
Some of the Soviet regional anthems' melodies can be sung in the Soviet Union anthem lyrics Ukrainian and Belarus are the most fitted in this case.
Most of these regional anthems were replaced with new national ones during or after the dissolution of the Soviet Union; Belarus, Kazakhstan until 2006, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan until 1997, and Uzbekistan kept the melodies, but with different lyrics. Russia itself had abandoned the Soviet hymn, replacing it with a tune by Glinka. However, with Vladimir Putin coming to power, the old Soviet tune was restored, with new lyrics written to it.