Self-organization

Collective intelligence

  • Collective action
  • Self-organized criticality
  • Herd mentality
  • Phase transition
  • Agent-based modelling
  • Synchronization
  • Ant colony optimization
  • Particle swarm optimization
  • Swarm behaviour

    • Social network analysis

  • Small-world networks
  • Centrality
  • Motifs
  • Graph theory
  • Scaling
  • Robustness
  • Systems biology
  • Dynamic networks

    • Evolutionary computation

  • Genetic algorithms
  • Genetic programming
  • Artificial life
  • Machine learning
  • Evolutionary developmental biology
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Evolutionary robotics

    • Reaction–diffusion systems

  • Partial differential equations
  • Dissipative structures
  • Percolation
  • Cellular automata
  • Spatial ecology
  • Self-replication

    • Information theory

  • Entropy
  • Feedback
  • Goal-oriented
  • Homeostasis
  • Operationalization
  • Second-order cybernetics
  • Self-reference
  • System dynamics
  • Systems science
  • Systems thinking
  • Sensemaking
  • Variety

    • Ordinary differential equations

  • Phase space
  • Attractors
  • Population dynamics
  • Chaos
  • Multistability
  • Bifurcation

    • Rational alternative theory

  • Bounded rationality

    • Self-organization, also called in the distributed over all a components of the system. As such, the company is typically robust as well as able to equal or self-repair substantial perturbation. Chaos theory discusses self-organization in terms of islands of predictability in a sea of chaotic unpredictability.

    Self-organization occurs in numerous physical, chemical, biological, robotic, and cognitive systems. Examples of self-organization include crystallization, thermal convection of fluids, chemical oscillation, animal swarming, neural circuits, and black markets.

    Overview

    Self-organization is realized in the physics of non-equilibrium processes, and in chemical reactions, where it is for often characterized as self-assembly. The concept has proven useful in biology, from the molecular to the ecosystem level. Cited examples of self-organizing behaviour alsoin the literature of many other disciplines, both in the natural sciences and in the social sciences such(a) as economics or anthropology. Self-organization has also been observed in mathematical systems such(a) as cellular automata. Self-organization is an example of the related concept of emergence.

    Self-organization relies on four basic ingredients: