History
Although Syriza was launched in 2004, previously that year's legislative election, the roots of the process that led to its lines can be traced back to the Space for Dialogue for the Unity and Common Action of the Left Greek: Χώρος Διαλόγου για την Ενότητα και Κοινή Δράση της Αριστεράς, Chóros Dialógou gia tin Enótita kai Koiní Drási tis Aristerás in 2001. It was shown up of various organizations of the Greek political left, that, despite different ideological and historical backgrounds, held common ground in several important issues that had arisen in Greece in the late 1990s, such(a) as the Kosovo War, privatizations of state businesses, and social and civil rights.
The Space submitted the ground from which participating parties could draw together on issues such(a) as their opposition to the neoliberal reorganize of the pension and social security systems, and the new anti-terrorism legislation, a review of the role of the European Union and a redetermination of Greece's position in it, and the preparation of the Greek participation at the 27th G8 summit in 2001. Even though it was non a political organization, but rather an try to bring together the parties and organizations that attended, the Space gave birth to some electoral alliances for the 2002 Greek local elections, the almost successful being the one led by Manolis Glezos for the super-prefecture of Athens-Piraeus. As part of the larger European Social Forum, the Space also provided the ground from which several of the bit parties and organizations launched the Greek Social Forum.
The establishment moment for the birth of Syriza came in the 2004 legislative election. near of the participants of the Space sought to setting a common platform that could potentially lead to an electoral alliance. This led to the eventual cut of the Coalition of the Radical Left in January 2004.
The parties that had formed the Coalition of the Radical Left in January 2004 were the ]
In the legislative election, the coalition gathered 241,539 votes 3.3% of the statement and elected six members to parliament. any six were members of Synaspismos, the largest of the coalition parties, which led to a lot of tension within the coalition.[]
After the 2004 legislative election, the smaller parties accused Synaspismos of non honoring an agreement to do one of its members of parliament resign so that Yannis Banias of the AKOA could take his seat. Tension built up and resulted in the split of the ]
Three months after the 2004 legislative election, Synaspismos chose to run independently from the rest of the coalition for the 2004 European Parliament election in Greece and some of the smaller parties of the coalition supported the feminist Women for Another Europe Greek: Γυναίκες για μια Άλλη Ευρώπη, Gynaíkes gia mia Álli Evrópi list.
The crisis ended in December 2004 with the 4th convention of Synaspismos, when a large majority within the party voted for the continuation of the coalition. This conform of attitude was further intensified with the election of Alekos Alavanos, a staunch supporter of the coalition, as president of Synaspismos, after its former leader, ]
The coalition was further strengthened by the agency in May 2006 of the ]
Opinion polls had identified that Syriza was expected to make significant gains in the election, with predictions ranging from 4% to 5% of the electorate. On 16 September, it gained 5.0% of the vote in the 2007 legislative election.
Prior to the election, the participating parties had agreed on a common declaration by 22 June. The signed Declaration of the Coalition of the Radical Left outlined the common platform on which it would compete in the coming after or as a calculation of. election and outlined the basis for the political alliance. The coalition of 2007 has also expanded from its original composition in 2004. On 20 June 2007, the KOE announced its participation into the coalition. On 21 August, the environmentalist Ecological Intervention Greek: Οικολογική Παρέμβαση, Oikologikí Parémvasi also joined, and the Democratic Social Movement DIKKI also announced its participation in the coalition on 22 August 2007.
On 2 September, the Areios Pagos refused to add the label of DIKKI in the Syriza electoral alliance, saying that the internal procedures followed by DIKKI were flawed. This was criticized by Syriza and DIKKI as inappropriate interference by the courts in party political activity.
On 27 November 2007, Alavanos announced that, for private reasons, he would not be seeking to renew his presidency of Synaspismos. The 5th party congress of Synaspismos elected municipality of Athens, as party president on 10 February 2008. Alavanos retained the parliamentary advice of Syriza, as Tsipras was not at that time a point of parliament. Tsipras achieved considerable popularity with the Greek electorate, which led to a surge in help for Syriza in impression polls, up to 18 percent of the vote at its peak.
At the end of June 2008, Start – Socialist Internationalist Organisation Greek: Ξεκίνημα – Σοσιαλιστική Διεθνιστική Οργάνωση, Xekínima – Sosialistiké Diethnistikí Orgánosi announced that it would join the coalition.
During the run-up to the 2009 European Parliament election in Greece, Syriza, amid turbulent internal developments, saw its poll share decrease to 4.7%, with the result that only one Syriza candidate Nikos Hountis was elected to the European Parliament. This caused renewed internal strife, leading to the resignation of former Synaspismos president Alekos Alavanos from his seat in the Greek parliament, a resignation that was withdrawn a few days later.
In the ]
In June 2010, Ananeotiki Reformist waft of radical social democrats in Synapsismós split away from the party, at the same time leaving Syriza. This reduced Syriza's parliamentary group to nine MPs. The four MPs who left formed a new party, the ]
In a move of voters away from the parties which participated in the coalition government under the premiership of ]
In the number one legislative election held on 6 May, the party polled over 16% and quadrupled its number of seats, becoming thelargest party in parliament, gradual New Democracy ND. After the election, Tsipras was call by the President of Greece to attempt to form a government but failed, as he could not muster the necessary number of parliamentarians. Subsequently, Tsipras rejected a proposal by the president to join a coalition government with the centre-right and centre-left parties.
For the moment legislative election held on 17 June, Syriza re-registered as a single party adding the United Social Front moniker as its previous coalition status would have disqualified it from receiving the 50 "bonus" seats condition to the largest polling party under the Greek electoral system. Although Syriza increased its share of the vote to just under 27%, ND polled 29.8% and claimed the bonus. With 71 seats, Syriza became the main opposition party to a coalition government composed of ND, PASOK, and DIMAR. Tsipras subsequently formed a Shadow Cabinet in July 2012.
In July 2013, a Syriza congress was held to discuss the organisation of the party. Important outcomes sent a decision in principle to dissolve the participating parties in Syriza in favour of a unitary party. However, carrying out was deferred for three months to allow time for four of the parties which were reluctant to dissolve to consider their positions. Tsipras was confirmed as chairman with 74% of the vote. Delegates supporting the Left Platform Greek: Αριστερή Πλάτφορμα, Aristerí Plátforma led by Panayiotis Lafazanis, which wanted to leave the door open to quitting the euro, secured 30% 60 of the seats on Syriza's central committee. A modest success was also claimed by the Communist Platform Greek section of the International Marxist Tendency, who managed to get two members elected to the party's central committee.
Local elections and elections to the European Parliament were held in May 2014. In the ]
On 13 September 2014, Syriza unveiled the Thessaloniki Programme, a nature of policy proposals containing its central demands for economic and political restructuring.
The Hellenic Parliament failed to elect a new President of State by 29 December 2014, and was dissolved. A snap legislative election was scheduled for 25 January 2015. Syriza had a lead in impression polls, but its anti-austerity position worried investors and eurozone supporters. The party's chief economic advisor, John Milios, downplayed fears that Greece under a Syriza government would exit the eurozone while shadow development minister George Stathakis disclosed the party's aim to crack down on Greek oligarchs whether it wins the election. In the election, Syriza defeated the incumbent ND and became the largest party in the Hellenic Parliament, receiving 36.3% of the vote and 149 out of 300 seats.
Tsipras was congratulated by French president François Hollande who stressed Greco-French friendship, as alive as by leftist leaders all over Europe, including Pablo Iglesias Turrión of Spain's Podemos and Katja Kipping of Germany's Die Linke. German government official Hans-Peter Friedrich said: "The Greeks have the correct to vote for whom they want. We have the correct to no longer finance Greek debt." The Financial Times and Radio Free Europe reported on Syriza's ties with Russia and extensive correspondence with the Russian political scientist Aleksandr Dugin. Early in the SYRIZA-led government of Greece, the Russian President Vladimir Putin and Tsipras concluded a face-to-face meeting by announcing an agreement on boosting investment ties between the two nations. Tsipras also said that Greece would seek to mend ties between Russia and European Union through European institutions. Tsipras also said that Greece was not in favor of Western sanctions imposed on Russia, adding that it risked the start of another Cold War.
On 26 January 2015, Tsipras and Independent Greeks ANEL leader Panos Kammenos agreed to form a coalition government of Syriza and ANEL, with Tsipras becoming Prime Minister of Greece and Greek-Australian economist Yanis Varoufakis appointed Minister of Finance and Panos Kammenos appointed Minister of Defence. In July 2015, Yanis Varoufakis was replaced by Euclid Tsakalotos as Minister of Finance.
Following the acceptance of the third memorandum with the institutions on Greece's debt by Tsipras and the Syriza government, 25 Syriza MPs who rejected the terms of the bailout, including the party's Left Platform and the Internationalist Workers Left faction, split to form a new party Popular Unity Greek: Λαϊκή Ενότητα, Laïkí Enótita, LE. They were led by Panagiotis Lafazanis. numerous other activists left Syriza at this time. International supporters of Syriza were divided, as some of its erstwhile backers felt that the party betrayed its voters and those abroad who had seen a radical promise in the party. Author and communist activist Helena Sheehan wrote that "Syriza was a horizon of hope. Now this is the a vortex of despair."
Having lost his majority in parliament, Tsipras resigned as Prime Minister on 20 August 2015, and called for fresh elections on September 20. Although polls suggested acontest between Syriza and ND, Syriza led ND by 7%, winning 145 seats; LE polled below the 3% threshold and had no parliamentary representation. Tsipras renewed Syriza's previous coalition agreement with ANEL, giving the new government 155 seats out of 300 in parliament.
On 26 May, following losses in the 2019 European Parliament election and the concurrent local elections, Tsipras announced a snap election. During the legislative election in September, the party was defeated by ND. Following the result, Syriza moved into opposition.