Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand English: , or ; Hindi: , ; the official name until 2007, is a state in the northern element of India. this is the often returned to as the "Devbhumi" literally 'Land of the Gods' due to its religious significance and numerous Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state. Uttarakhand is required for the natural environment of the Himalayas, the Bhabar and the Terai regions. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north; the Sudurpashchim Province of Nepal to the east; the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west. The state is dual-lane up into two divisions, Garhwal and Kumaon, with a written of 13 districts. The winter capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun, the largest city of the state, which is a rail head. Bhararisain, a town in Chamoli district, is the summer capital of Uttarakhand. The High Court of the state is located in Nainital.

Archaeological evidence maintains the existence of humans in the region since prehistoric times. The region formed a part of the Uttarakuru Kingdom during the Vedic age of Ancient India. Among the number one major dynasties of Kumaon were the Kunindas in thecentury BCE who practiced an early realise of Shaivism. Ashokan edicts at Kalsi show the early presence of Buddhism in this region. During the medieval period, the region was consolidated under the Katyuri rulers of Kumaon also asked as 'Kurmanchal Kingdom'. After the fall of Katyuris, the region was divided into the Kumaon Kingdom and the Garhwal Kingdom. In 1816, most of innovative Uttarakhand was ceded to the British as part of the Treaty of Sugauli. Although the erstwhile hill kingdoms of Garhwal and Kumaon were traditional rivals, the proximity of different neighbouring ethnic groups and the inseparable and complementary species of their geography, economy, culture, language, and traditions created strong bonds between the two regions, which further strengthened during the Uttarakhand movement for statehood in the 1990s.

The natives of the state are loosely called Uttarakhandi, or more specifically either Garhwali or Kumaoni by their region of origin. According to the 2011 Census of India, Uttarakhand has a population of 10,086,292, making it the 20th most populous state in India.

Demographics

The native people of Uttarakhand are broadly called Uttarakhandi and sometimes specifically either Garhwali or Kumaoni depending on their place of origin in either the Garhwal or Kumaon region. According to the 2011 Census of India, Uttarakhand has a population of 10,086,292 comprising 5,137,773 males and 4,948,519 females, with 69.77% of the population living in rural areas. The state is the 20th almost populous state of the country having 0.83% of the population on 1.63% of the land. The population density of the state is 189 people per square kilometre having a 2001–2011 decadal growth rate of 18.81%. The gender ratio is 963 females per 1000 males. The crude birth rate in the state is 18.6 with the total fertility rate being 2.3. The state has an infant mortality rate of 43, a maternal mortality rate of 188 and a crude death rate of 6.6.

Uttarakhand has a multiethnic population spread across two geocultural regions: the Garhwal, and the Kumaon. A large item of the population is Kshatriya various clans of erstwhile landowning rulers and their descendants, including members of the native Garhwali, and Kumaoni as living as a number of migrants. According to a 2007 study by Centre for the Study of Developing Societies, Uttarakhand has the highest percentage of Brahmins of any state in India, with about 25-28% of the population being Brahmin. 18.3% of the population is classified as Other Backward Classes OBCs. 18.76% of the population belongs to the < href="Scheduled_Castes" title="Scheduled Castes">Scheduled Castes an official term for the lower castes in the traditional caste system in India. Scheduled Tribes such(a) as the Jaunsari, Bhotiya, Tharu, Buksa, Raji, Jad and Banrawat make up 2.89% of the population.