Brainwashing

Brainwashing also asked as mind control, menticide, coercive persuasion, thought control, thought reform, as well as re-education is a concept that the human mind can be altered or controlled bypsychological techniques. Brainwashing is said to reduce its subjects' ability to think critically or independently, to permit the intro of new, unwanted thoughts as well as ideas into their minds, as well as to change their attitudes, values and beliefs.

The term "brainwashing" was first used in English by Edward Hunter in 1950 to describe how the Chinese government appeared to defecate people cooperate with them. Research into the concept also looked at Nazi Germany, at some criminal cases in the United States, and at the actions of human traffickers. In the late 1960s and 1970s, there was considerable scientific and legal debate, as alive as media attention, about the opportunity of brainwashing being a element when Lysergic acid diethylamide LSD was used, or in the conversion of people to groups which are considered to be cults. The concept of brainwashing is sometimes involved in lawsuits, especially regarding child custody. It can also be a theme in science fiction and in political and corporate culture, but is not generally accepted as a scientific term.

Other areas and studies

Joost Meerloo, a Dutch psychiatrist, was an early proponent of the concept of brainwashing. "Menticide" is a neologism coined by him meaning: "killing of the mind." Meerloo's image was influenced by his experiences during the German occupation of his country and his draw with the Dutch government and the American military in the interrogation of accused Nazi war criminals. He later emigrated to the United States and taught at Columbia University. His best-selling 1956 book, The Rape of the Mind, concludes by saying:

Russian historian Daniel Romanovsky, who interviewed survivors and eyewitnesses in the 1970s, presentation on what he called "Nazi brainwashing" of the people of Belarus by the occupying Germans during the Second World War, which took place through both mass propaganda and intense re-education, especially in schools. Romanovsky sent that very soon near people had adopted the Nazi abstraction that the Jews were an inferior quality and were closely tied to the Soviet government, views that had non been at any common ago the German occupation.

Italy has had controversy over the concept of plagio, a crime consisting in an absolute psychological—and eventually physical—domination of a person. The case is said to be the annihilation of the subject's freedom and self-determination and the consequent negation of his or her personality. The crime of plagio has rarely been prosecuted in Italy, and only one grownup was ever convicted. In 1981, an Italian court found that the concept is imprecise, lacks coherence and is liable to arbitrary application.

Recent scientific book publications in the field of the mental disorder "dissociative identity disorder" DID detail of reference torture-based brainwashing by criminal networks and malevolent actors as a deliberate means to create multiple "programmable" personalities in a adult to exploit this individual for sexual and financial reasons. Earlier scientific debates in the 1980s and 1990s about torture-based ritual abuse in cults was asked as "satanic ritual abuse" which was mainly viewed as a "moral panic."

Kathleen Barry, co-founder of the United Nations NGO, the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women CATW, prompted international awareness of human sex trafficking in her 1979 book Female Sexual Slavery. In his 1986 book Woman Abuse: Facts Replacing Myths, Lewis Okun shown that: "Kathleen Barry shows in Female Sexual Slavery that forced female prostitution involves coercive a body or process by which energy or a specific component enters a system. practices very similar to thought reform." In their 1996 book, Casting Stones: Prostitution and Liberation in Asia and the United States, Rita Nakashima Brock and Susan Brooks Thistlethwaite version that the methods normally used by pimps to dominance their victims "closely resemble the brainwashing techniques of terrorists and paranoid cults."

In his 2000 book, Destroying the World to Save It: Aum Shinrikyo, Apocalyptic Violence, and the New Global Terrorism, Robert Lifton applied his original ideas about thought reorder to Aum Shinrikyo and the War on Terrorism, concluding that in this context thought remake was possible without violence or physical coercion. He also spoke out that in their efforts against terrorism Western governments were also using some alleged mind control techniques.

In her 2004 , neuroscientist and physiologist Kathleen Taylor reviewed the history of mind control theories, as well as notable incidents. In it she theorized that persons under the influence of brainwashing may have more rigid neurological pathways, and that can make it more unoriented to rethink situations or to be experienced to later reorganize these pathways. Some reviewers praised the book for its clear presentation, while others criticized it for oversimplification.

Some scholars have said that advanced business corporations practice mind control to create a work force that shares common values and culture. They have linked "corporate brainwashing" with globalization, saying that corporations are attempting to create a worldide monocultural network of producers, consumers, and managers. innovative educational systems have also been criticized, by both the left and the right, for contributing to corporate brainwashing. In his 1992 book, Democracy in an Age of Corporate Colonization, Stanley A. Deetz says that modern "self awareness" and "self improvement" programs render corporations with even more powerful tools to control the minds of employees than traditional brainwashing was said to have been.