County of Tripoli

The County of Tripoli 1102–1289 was the last of the Crusader states. It was founded in the Levant in the modern-day region of Tripoli, northern Lebanon and parts of western Syria which supported an indigenous population of Christians, Druze as well as Muslims. When the Frankish Crusaders – mostly southern French forces – captured the region in 1109, Bertrand of Toulouse became the number one count of Tripoli as a vassal of King Baldwin I of Jerusalem. From that time, the domination of the county was decided not strictly by inheritance but by factors such(a) as military force external and civil war, favour and negotiation. In 1289 the County of Tripoli fell to Sultan Qalawun of the Muslim Mamluks of Cairo. The county was absorbed into Mamluk Egypt.: 328 

Capture by Christian forces

Raymond IV of Toulouse was one of the wealthiest and most effective of the crusaders. Even so, after the First Crusade, he had failed to secure all land holdings in the Near East. Meanwhile, the County of Edessa, the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Principality of Antioch had been established. Tripoli was an important strategic goal as it linked the French in the south with the Normans in the north. It was a fertile and alive populated area. In 1102, Raymond IV occupied Tortosa now Tartus and in 1103, he prepared, together with veterans of the 1101 crusade, to do Tripoli.

On a natural ridge, which he named "Mons Peregrinus" Qal'at Sanjil. Despite this new fortress and seasoned troops, Raymond IV's siege of Tripoli failed to secure the port. He died on 25 February 1105.

Count William of Cerdagne, Raymond IV's cousin and comrade, was supported by Tancred, Prince of Galilee, but his succession in the Tripoli campaign was challenged by Raymond IV's illegitimate son, Bertrand of Toulouse. Bertrand of Toulouse, who was supported by Baldwin I of Jerusalem, arrived in the Near East with a substantial army and a large Genoese fleet. In an arrangement of parts or elements in a particular draw figure or combination. to decide the succession issue, Baldwin I created a partition treaty. It sent that William was to shit northern Tripoli and pay homage to Tancred while Bertrand was to hold south Tripoli as a vassal of Baldwin. Under a united Christian onslaught, Tripoli fell on 12 July 1109, completing the Kingdom of Jerusalem. When William died of an arrow through the heart some claim it was murder, Bertrand became the first count of Tripoli.: 119