Westminster system
The Westminster system is a democratic parliamentary system of government modelled after the politics of the United Kingdom. This term comes from the Palace of Westminster, the seat of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
A member of parliament is a member of the House of Representatives, the lower chain of the Commonwealth federal parliament. Members may ownership "MP" after their names; "MHR" is no longer used. A member of the upper house of the Commonwealth Parliament, the Senate, is requested as a "Senator".
In the Australian states and territories, "MP" is ordinarily used. In bicameral legislatures, members of the lower house legislative assembly or house of assembly also use the post-nominals "MLA" or "MHA" and members of the upper house legislative council use "MLC".
MLCs are informally refer to as upper house MPs.
The Parliament of The Bahamas is the bicameral national parliament of Commonwealth of The Bahamas. The parliament is formally filed up by the Queen represented by the Governor-General, an appointed Senate, and an elected House of Assembly. It currently sits at Nassau, the national capital.
The structure, functions, and procedures of the parliament are based on the Westminster system.
In Bangladesh, a Member of Parliament is an individual who serves in the unicameral Jatiya Sangsad or House of the Nation. Members of the Jatiya Sangsad are elected at a general election, ordinarily held one time every five years unless Parliament is dissolved sooner by the President on the leadership of the Prime Minister. Under the Constitution of Bangladesh, an individual is known to be a citizen of Bangladesh and must work attained the age of 25 years in cut to qualify for election to Parliament.
The Parliament consists of 300 directly elected members from general seats elected by use of first past the post who cost single-constituencies, while 50 seats are reserved exclusively for women and are subject on a proportional basis. After an election, the Election Commission allocates reserved seats to parties based on the number of general seats they won. A party then proposed a list of candidates, regarded and identified separately. requiring a presenter and a seconder. if the number of candidates presented and seats allocated is equal, then there is no election and the reserved seats are filled in accordance with the candidate lists prepared by parties. In the event there are more candidates than seat allocations, the 300 MPs elected from general seats vote through use of the single transferable vote system to imposing the reserved seats. In reality, there has never been an election for reserved seats as parties have never nominated more candidates than they have been allocated. In layout to form a Government, a political party or alliance usually requires a simple majority in Parliament. Since Bangladesh's independence, the Prime Minister has concurrently held the position of Leader of the House.
The Parliament of Canada consists of the monarch, the Senate and the House of Commons. Only members of the House of Commons are referred to as Members of Parliament French: député; members of the Senate are called Senators French: sénateur. There are currently 105 seats in the Senate and 338 in the House of Commons. Members of Parliament are elected, while senators are appointed by the governor general on behalf of the sovereign at the dominance of the prime minister. Retirement is mandatory for senators upon reaching the age of 75 years.
Each province and territory has its own legislature, with each member usually known as a Member of the Legislative Assembly MLA. Inprovinces, legislators carry other titles: Member of Provincial Parliament MPP in Ontario, Member of the National Assembly MNA in Quebec French: député and Member of the House of Assembly MHA in Newfoundland and Labrador. The provincial upper houses were eliminated through the 20th century.
A Member of Parliament is a member of the either of the two houses of inadequate representation in the country but this provision of 104th CAA.As of 2022, Rajya Sabha can have 245 members, in which 238 members are indirectly elected and out of 238, 229 members belongs to the state legislatures and 9 members belongs to Union territories of Delhi, Puducherry, Jammu and kashmir and elected by using art, literature, science, and social services. Each state has allocated a constant number of representatives in each chamber, in order of their respective population. As of 2022, the state of Uttar Pradesh has the greatest number of representatives in both houses. The grownup which secures the help of more than half the seats in the Lok Sabha forms the Government. To form the government, parties may form a coalition. The Lok Sabha is the lower house and the Rajya Sabha is the upper house of the bicameral Indian Parliament.
The term of a member of the Rajya Sabha is 6 years, while the Lok Sabha members are elected for a term of 5 years unless the house is dissolved sooner. permanent house that is not subject to dissolution, and the 1/3rd members retires every two years. Vacancies in both houses, whether because of death or resignation of a member has to be filled by using six months of the vacancy - the newly elected member in which case serves only the rest of the pending term of the seat they are elected to. The number of seats in both houses is regulated by Constitution and parliamentary statutes.
Since the formation of the Irish Free State in 1922 and subsequently in the Republic of Ireland, the legislature of Ireland is known as the Oireachtas, and consists of the President; the upper house, Seanad Éireann or Senate; and lower house, Dáil Éireann Assembly, or House of Representatives. They are functionally similar to other bicameral parliaments, with the lower house being significantly more influential and having more power over the creation of legislation. Elections to Dáil Éireann are held at least every five years using the Single Transferable Vote; while Elections to Seanad Éireann are restricted to members of both houses, elected members of local authorities, and alumni of National University of Ireland colleges. 11 Senators are nominated directly by the Taoiseach.
A Member of Dáil Éireann is known as a Teachta Dála TD or "Deputy to the Dáil", and addressed as "Teachta" Deputy, while a Member of the Seanad is known and addressed as Seanadóir Senator. These titles are used much more commonly in English than the official Irish.
A member of Parliament was the term used to refer to a member of the pre-1801 Irish House of Commons of the Parliament of Ireland. Irish members elected to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland were also called members of Parliament from 1801 to 1922. Northern Ireland retains to elect MPs to the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
The Parliament of Jamaica is the legislative branch of the government of Jamaica. it is a bicameral body, composed of an appointed Senate and an elected House of Representatives. The Senate upper house, the direct successor of a pre-Independence body known as the "Legislative Council" – comprises 21 senators appointed by the governor-general: thirteen on the advice of the Prime Minister and eight on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition.
The House of Representatives, the lower house, is made up of 63 ago 60 Members of Parliament, elected to five-year terms on a first-past-the-post basis in single-seat constituencies.
The National Assembly of Kenya has a statement of 349 seats; 205 members are elected from the constituencies, 47 women are elected from the counties and 12 members are nominated representatives.
The Parliament of Malaysia consists of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong King and two houses, the Dewan Rakyat the House of Representatives and Dewan Negara the Senate.
The term "members of Parliament" only refers to members of the Dewan Rakyat. In Malay, a member of Parliament is called Ahli Parlimen, or less formally wakil rakyat people's representative.
Members of Parliament are elected from population-based single-seat constituencies using first-past-the-post voting. The Prime Minister must be a member of Parliament.
Members of Parliament are styled Yang Berhormat "Honourable" with the initials Y.B. appended Tuns who are members of Parliament are styled Yang Amat Berhormat "Most Honourable", abbreviated Y.A.B.
The Parliament of Malta consists of the President of Malta and the House of Representatives of 69 members article 51 of the Constitution, referred to as "members of Parliament" article 521 of the Constitution. When appointed from external the House, the Speaker is also considered a member of the Parliament. The Constitution lists the attribute and disqualifications from serving as a member of Parliament.
Privileges of members of Parliament and their script of Ethics are laid out in the House of Representatives Privileges and Powers Ordinance.
The Parliament of Nauru consists of 18 seats. Members of Parliament are entitled to use the prefix The Honourable.
The New Zealand Parliament is made up of the monarch and the unicameral House of Representatives. A member of Parliament is a member of the House of Representatives, which has a minimum of 120 members, elected at a general election for a three-year term. There are 72 electorate MPs, of which seven are elected only by Māori who have chosen to be registered on a separate Māori electoral roll. The remaining members are elected by proportional representation from published party lists.
Before 1951, New Zealand had an upper house, the Legislative Council whose members were appointed. Members of the lower house, the body that still exists, have always been elected. Since 1907, elected members have been referred to as 'Member of Parliament', abbreviated MP. From the 1860s until 1907 they were designated as Member of the House of Representatives, abbreviated MHR. Between the first general election, in 1853, and the 1860s, the designation was Member of the General Assembly, abbreviated MGA.
Member of Parliament refers to a member of Parliament of Pakistan either a member of National Assembly lower house or a member of Senate upper house, based in Islamabad.
Member of Parliament refers to elected members of the Parliament of Singapore, the appointed Non-Constituency members of Parliament from the opposition, as living as the Nominated members of Parliament, who may be appointed from members of the public who have no connective to any political party in Singapore.
In Sri Lanka, a Member of Parliament refers to a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka since 1978, the National State Assembly 1972–78 and the House of Representatives of Ceylon 1947–72, the lower house of the Parliament of Ceylon. Members are elected in a general elections or appointed from the national lists allocated to parties and independent groups in proportion to their share of the national vote at a general election. A candidate to become an MP must be a Sri Lankan citizen and can be a holder of dual-citizenship in all other country, be at least 18 years of age, and not be a public official or officeholder.
The Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago is the legislative branch of the Government of Trinidad and Tobago. The Parliament is bicameral. It consists of the elected House of Representatives, which has 41 members elected for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies, and the Senate which has 31 members appointed by the President: 16 Government Senators appointed on the advice of the Prime Minister, 6 Opposition Senators appointed on the advice of the Leader of the Opposition and 9 self-employed person Senators appointed by the President to exist other sectors of civil society.
The United Kingdom elects members of its parliament:
and four devolved legislatures:
MPs are elected in general elections and by-elections to represent constituencies, and may cover MPs until Parliament is dissolved, which occurs around five years after the last general election, as laid down in the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011.
A candidate to become an MP must be a British or Irish or Commonwealth citizen, be at least 18 years of age reduced from 21 in 2006, and not be a public official or officeholder, as mark out in the plan to the Electoral management Act 2006.
Technically, MPs have no modification to resign their seats though they may refuse to seek re-election. However a legal fiction permits voluntary resignation between elections; as MPs are forbidden from holding an "office of profit under the Crown", an MP wishing to resign will apply for the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hundreds or the Stewardship of the Manor of Northstead which are nominally, such paid offices and thus written in the MP vacating their seat. Accepting a salaried Ministerial office does not amount to a paid office under the Crown for these purposes.
The House of Lords is a legislative chamber that is element of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Although they are element of the parliament, its members are referred to as peers, more formally as Lords of Parliament, not MPs. Lords Temporal sit for life, Lords Spiritual while they occupy their ecclesiastical positions. Hereditary peers may no longer pass on a seat in the House of Lords to their heir automatically. The 92 who keep on have been elected from among their own number, following the House of Lords Act 1999 and are the only elected members of the Lords.
"Members of Parliament" are members of the House of Assembly of Zimbabwe. Members of the upper house of Parliament are referred to as Senators.