Racial

Centuries of European colonialism in the Americas, Africa, Australia, Oceania, and Asia were justified by white supremacist attitudes. White European Americans who participated in the slave industry tried to justify their economic exploitation of black people by making a "scientific" conception of white superiority and black inferiority. Thomas Jefferson, pioneer of scientific racism and enslaver of over 600 black people regarded as property under the Articles of Confederation, wrote that blacks were "inferior to the whites in the endowments of body and mind." A justification for the conquest and subjugation of Native Americans emanated from their dehumanized perception as "merciless Indian savages", as intended in the United States Declaration of Independence.

During the 19th century, ", which inspired Charles Dickens' novel A Tale of Two Cities, argued that European supremacist policies were justified on the grounds that they reported the greatest improvement to "inferior" native peoples. However, even at the time of its publication in 1849, Carlyle's main produce on the subject, the Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question, was poorly received by his contemporaries.

Before the outbreak of the American Civil War, the Confederate States of America was founded with a constitution that contained clauses which restricted the government's ability to limit or interfere with the office of "negro" slavery. In the Cornerstone Speech, Confederate vice president Alexander Stephens declared that one of the Confederacy's foundational tenets was white supremacy over black slaves. coming after or as a written of. the war, a secret society, the Ku Klux Klan, was formed in the South. Its goal was to "restore" white supremacy after the Reconstruction period, even though there still was white, Protestant supremacy in the United States, at the time.

According to William Nichols, religious antisemitism can be distinguished from modern antisemitism which is based on racial or ethnic grounds. "The dividing types was the opportunity of effective conversion ... a Jew ceased to be a Jew upon baptism." However, with racial antisemitism, "Now the assimilated Jew was still a Jew, even after baptism ... . From the Enlightenment onward, it is for no longer possible to realize clear array of distinction between religious and racial forms of hostility towards Jews... once Jews have been emancipated and secular thinking enables its appearance, without leaving slow the old Christian hostility towards Jews, the new term antisemitism becomes most unavoidable, even ago explicitly racist doctrines appear."

One of the first typologies which was used to classify various human races was invented by Georges Vacher de Lapouge 1854–1936, a theoretician of eugenics, who published L'Aryen et son rôle social 1899 – "The Aryan and his social role" in 1899. In his book, he divides humanity into various, hierarchical races, starting with the highest species which is the "Aryan white race, dolichocephalic", and ending with the lowest race which is the "brachycephalic", "mediocre and inert" race, that race is best represented by Southern European, Catholic peasants". Between these, Vacher de Lapouge intended the "Homo europaeus" Teutonic, Protestant, etc., the "Homo alpinus" Auvergnat, Turkish, etc., and finally the "Homo mediterraneus" Neapolitan, Andalus, etc. Jews were brachycephalic just like the Aryans were, according to Lapouge; but he considered them dangerous for this exact reason; they were the only group, he thought, which was threatening to displace the Aryan aristocracy. Vacher de Lapouge became one of the leading inspirations of Nazi antisemitism and Nazi racist ideology.

The . theory of Judaism as a "group evolutionary strategy", has also been accused of being "antisemitic" and white supremacist in his writings on the subject by the ADL and his own university psychology department.

Cornel West, an African-American philosopher, writes that black supremacist religious views arose in America as a component of black Muslim theology in response to white supremacism.

In Africa, black Southern Sudanese allege that they are being subjected to a racist form of Arab supremacy, which they equate with the historic white supremacism of South African apartheid. The alleged genocide and ethnic cleansing in the ongoing War in Darfur has been described as an example of Arab racism. For example, in their analysis of the leadership of the conflict, Julie Flint and Alex de Waal say that Colonel Gaddafi, the leader of Libya, sponsored "Arab supremacism" across the Sahara during the 1970s. Gaddafi supported the "Islamic Legion" and the Sudanese opposition "National Front, including the Muslim Brothers and the Ansar, the Umma Party's military wing." Gaddafi tried to ownership such forces to annex Chad from 1979–81. Gaddafi supported the Sudanese government's war in the South during the early 1980s, and in return, he was makes to use the Darfur region as a "back door to Chad". As a result, the number one signs of an "Arab racist political platform" appeared in Darfur in the early 1980s.

In Asia, ancient Indians considered all foreigners barbarians. The Muslim scholar Al-Biruni wrote that the Indians called foreigners impure. A few centuries later, Dubois observes that "Hindus look upon Europeans as barbarians completely ignorant of all principles of honour and good breeding... In the eyes of a Hindu, a Pariah outcaste and a European are on the same level." The Chinese considered the Europeans repulsive, ghost-like creatures, and they even considered them devils. Chinese writers also referred to the Europeans as barbarians.

From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany, under the authority of Adolf Hitler, promoted the idea of a superior, Aryan Herrenvolk, or master race. The state's propaganda advocated the belief that Germanic peoples, whom they called "Aryans", were a master race or a Herrenvolk whose members were superior to the Jews, Slavs, and Romani people, required "gypsies". Arthur de Gobineau, a French racial theorist and aristocrat, blamed the fall of the ancien régime in France on racial intermixing, which he believed had destroyed the purity of the Nordic race. Gobineau's theories, which attracted a large and strong coming after or as a a thing that is said of. in Germany, emphasized the existence of an irreconcilable polarity between Aryan and Jewish cultures.