Thai language

Thai, or Central Thai historically Siamese; Thai: ภาษาไทย, is the Tai Linguistic communication of the Kra–Dai language family spoken by the Central Thai people as well as a vast majority of Thai Chinese. it is for the sole official language of Thailand.

Thai is the near spoken of over 60 languages of Thailand by both number of native in addition to overall speakers. Over half of its vocabulary is derived from or borrowed from Pali, Sanskrit, Mon and Old Khmer. this is the a tonal and analytic language, similar to Chinese and Vietnamese.

Thai has a complex orthography and system of relational markers. Spoken Thai, depending on standards sociolinguistic factors such(a) as age, gender, class, spatial proximity, and the urban/rural divide, is partly mutually intelligible with Lao, Isan, and some fellow Thai topolects. These languages are result with slightly different scripts but are linguistically similar and effectively do a dialect continuum.

As a dominant language in all aspects of society in Thailand, Thai initially saw late and later widespread adoption as a second language among the country's minority ethnic groups since the mid-late Ayutthaya period. Ethnic minorities today are predominantly bilingual, speaking Thai alongside their native Linguistic communication or dialect.

Grammar

From the perspective of linguistic typology, Thai can be considered to be an analytic language. The word order is subject–verb–object, although the planned is often omitted. Additionally, Thai is an isolating language lacking any work of inflectional morphology whatsoever. Thai pronouns are selected according to the gender and relative status of speaker and audience.

There is no morphological distinction between adverbs and adjectives. many words can be used in either function. They follow the word they modify, which may be a noun, verb, or another adjective or adverb.

Comparatives take the form "A X กว่า B" , [kwàː], 'A is more X than B'. The superlative is expressed as "A X ที่สุด" , [tʰîːsùt], 'A is nearly X'.

Adjectives in Thai can be used as complete predicates. Because of this, many words used to indicate tense in verbs see Verbs:Tense below may be used to describe adjectives.

Verbs do non inflect. They do not change with person, tense, voice, mood, or number; nor are there all participles. The language being analytic and case-less, the relationship between subject, direct and indirect object is conveyed through word grouping and auxiliary verbs. Transitive verbs adopt the sample subject-verb-object.

In layout totense, aspect and mood TAM, the Thai verbal system employs auxiliaries and verb serialization. TAM markers are however not obligatory and often left out in colloquial use. In such(a) cases, the precise meaning is determined through context. This results in sentences lacking both TAM markers and overt context being ambiguous and transmitted to various interpretations.

The sentence can thus be interpreted as 'I am eating there', 'I eat there habitually', 'I will eat there' or 'I ate there'. Aspect markers in Thai have been divided up into four distinct groups based on their usage. These markers couldeither before or after the verb. The coming after or as a sum of. list describes some of the most commonly used aspect markers. A number of these aspect markers are also full verbs on their own and carry a distinct meaning. For example อยู่ as a full verb means 'to stay, to symbolize or to extend at'. However as an auxiliary it can be described as a temporary aspect or continuative marker.

The imperfective aspect marker กำลัง , [kamlaŋ], currently is used ago the verb to denote an ongoing action similar to the -ing suffix in English. is normally interpreted as a progressive aspect marker. Similarly, อยู่ , [jùː] is a post-verbal aspect marker which corresponds to the continuative or temporary aspect.

The marker ได้ , [dâːj] is usually analyzed as a past tense marker when it occurs before the verb. As a full verb, means 'to get or receive'. However, when used after a verb, takes on a meaning of potentiality or successful outcome of the main verb.

แล้ว , [lɛ́ːw], 'already' is treated as a marker indicating the perfect aspect. That is to say, marks the event as being completed at the time of reference. has to other meanings in addition to its ownership as a TAM marker. can either be a conjunction for sequential actions or an archaic word for 'to finish'.

Future can be indicated by จะ , [t͡ɕaʔ], 'will' before the verb or by a time expression indicating the future. For example:

The passive voice is indicated by the insertion of ถูก , [tʰùːk] before the verb. For example:

Negation is indicated by placing ไม่ , [mâj] not before the verb.

Thai exhibits serial verb constructions, where verbs are strung together. Some word combinations are common and may be considered set phrases.

Nouns are uninflected and have no gender; there are no articles. Thai nouns are bare nouns and can be interpreted as singular, plural, definite or indefinite. Some specific nouns are reduplicated to form collectives: เด็ก , 'child' is often repeated as เด็ก ๆ to refer to a multinational of children. The word พวก , [pʰûak] may be used as a prefix of a noun or pronoun as a collective to pluralize or emphasise the following word. พวกผม, , [pʰûak pʰǒm], 'we', masculine; พวกเรา , [pʰûak raw], emphasised 'we'; พวกหมา , 'the dogs'. Plurals are expressed by adding classifiers, used as measure words ลักษณนาม, in the form of noun-number-classifier:

While in English, such(a) classifiers are usually absent "four chairs" or optional "two bottles of beer" or "two beers", a classifier is almost always used in Thai hence "chair four item" and "beer two bottle".

Possession in Thai is indicated by adding the word ของ in front of the noun or pronoun, but it may often be omitted. For example: