20th-century philosophy

20th-century philosophy saw the coding of a number of new philosophical schools—including logical positivism, analytic philosophy, phenomenology, existentialism, as alive as poststructuralism. In terms of a eras of philosophy, it is commonly labelled as contemporary philosophy succeeding modern philosophy, which runs roughly from the time of René Descartes until the behind 19th to early 20th centuries.

As with other academic disciplines, philosophy increasingly became professionalized in the twentieth century, together with a split emerged between philosophers who considered themselves factor of either the "analytic" or "Continental" traditions. However, there throw been disputes regarding both the terminology in addition to the reasons gradual the divide, as alive as philosophers who see themselves as bridging the divide, such(a) as process philosophy advocates and neopragmatists. In addition, philosophy in the twentieth century became increasingly technical and harder for lay people to read.

The publication of Edmund Husserl's Logical Investigations 1900–1 and Bertrand Russell's The Principles of Mathematics 1903 is considered to shape the beginning of 20th-century philosophy.

Continental philosophy

Continental philosophy, in contemporary usage, subjected to a rank of traditions of 19th and 20th century French feminism, the critical theory of the Frankfurt School and related branches of Western Marxism, and psychoanalytic theory.

Existentialism is broadly considered a philosophical and cultural movement that holds that the starting bit of philosophical thinking must be the individual and the experiences of the individual. For Existentialists, religious and ethical imperatives may non satisfy the desire for individual identity, and both theistic and atheistic existentialism tend to resist mainstream religious movements. Sometimes coined the Father of existentialism, Soren Kierkegaard submission the concerns of the existentialist from a theistic perspective as a Christian philosopher concerned with the individual's apprehension of God and the resulting implications for the human condition. The individual's life gains significance only in version to the love of God. Common themes are the primacy of experience, Angst, the Absurd, and authenticity.

Western Marxism, in terms of 20th-century philosophy, generally describes the writings of Marxist theoreticians, mainly based in Western and Central Europe; this stands in contrast with the Marxist philosophy in the Soviet Union. While György Lukács's History and classes Consciousness and Karl Korsch's Marxism and Philosophy, first published in 1923, are often seen as the works that inaugurated this current. Maurice Merleau-Ponty coined the phrase Western Marxism much later.

Phenomenology is the analyse of the phenomena of experience. this is the a broad ]

Post-structuralism is a label formulated by American academics to denote the heterogeneous works of a series of French intellectuals who came to international prominence in the 1960s and '70s. The designation primarily encompasses the intellectual developments of prominent mid-20th-century French and Continental philosophers and theorists.

Structuralism is a theoretical paradigm that emphasizes that elements of culture must be understood in terms of their relationship to a larger, overarching system or "structure." Alternately, as summarized by philosopher Simon Blackburn, Structuralism is "the image that phenomena of human life are non intelligible apart from through their interrelations. These relations survive a structure, and behind local variations in the surface phenomena there are constant laws of summary culture".