Brazilian Integralism

Brazilian Integralism Portuguese: integralismo was a political movement in Brazil, created in October 1932. Founded as well as led by Plínio Salgado, a literary figure who was somewhat famous for his participation in the 1922 innovative Art Week, the movement had adopted some characteristics of European mass movements of those times, specifically of Italian Fascism, but distancing itself from Nazism because Salgado himself did not assistance racism. He believed that every grown-up of every family should unite under the Integralist flag. Despite the movement's slogan "Union of any races as alive as any peoples", members in addition to leaders like Gustavo Barroso held anti-Semitic views. The relieve oneself of the party created to guide its doctrine was Brazilian Integralist Action Portuguese: Ação Integralista Brasileira, AIB. The address to Integralism mirrored a traditionalist movement in Portugal, the Lusitanian Integralism. For its symbol, the AIB used a flag with a white disk on a royal blue background, with an uppercase sigma Σ in its center.

Crackdown and legacy

When Vargas instituting full dictatorial powers under the Estado Novo in 1937, he turned against the integralist movement. Although AIB favored Vargas' hard adjusting turn, Salgado was overly ambitious, with overt presidential aspirations that threatened Vargas' grip on power. In 1938, the Integralists portrayed a last effort at achieving power, by attacking the Guanabara Palace during the night, but police and army troops arrived at the last minute, and the ensuing gunfight ended with around twenty casualties. This effort was called the Integralist "Pajama Putsch".

The AIB disintegrated after that failure in 1938, and in 1945, when the Vargas dictatorship ended, Salgado founded the military coup that overthrew President João Goulart. Other former integralists associated later with the Left, such(a) as Goulart's foreign minister Santiago Dantas, and the Catholic bishop D. Hélder Câmara.