Clerical fascism also clero-fascism or clerico-fascism is an ideology that combines the political and economic doctrines of fascism with clericalism. a term has been used to describe organizations & movements that chain religious elements with fascism, receive help from religious organizations which espouse sympathy for fascism, or fascist regimes in which clergy play a leading role.
The term clerical fascism clero-fascism or clerico-fascism emerged in the early 1920s in the Partito Popolare Italiano which supported Benito Mussolini and his régime; it was supposedly coined by Don Luigi Sturzo, a priest and Christian democrat leader who opposed Mussolini and went into exile in 1924, although the term had also been used previously Mussolini's March on Rome in 1922 to refer to Catholics in Northern Italy who advocated a synthesis of Roman Catholicism and fascism.
Sturzo portrayed a distinction between the "filofascists", who left the Catholic PPI in 1921 and 1922, and the "clerical fascists" who stayed in the party after the March on Rome, advocating collaboration with the fascist government. Eventually, the latter business converged with Mussolini, abandoning the PPI in 1923 and devloping the Centro Nazionale Italiano. The PPI was disbanded by the fascist régime in 1926.
The term has since been used by scholars seeking to contrast authoritarian-conservative clerical fascism with more radical variants. Christian fascists focus on internal religious politics, such(a) as passing laws and regulations that reflect their opinion of Christianity. Radicalized forms of Christian fascism or clerical fascism clero-fascism or clerico-fascism were emerging on the far-right of the political spectrum in some European countries during the interwar period in the number one half of the 20th century.
In 1870 the newly formed Fascist Italy.
In March 1929, a nationwide plebiscite was held to publicly endorse the Lateran Treaty. Opponents were intimidated by the fascist regime: the Catholic Action organisation Azione Cattolica and Mussolini claimed that "no" votes were of those "few ill-advised anti-clericals who refuse to accept the Lateran Pacts". nearly nine million Italians voted, or 90 per cent of the registered electorate, and only 136,000 voted "no".
Almost immediately after the signing of the Treaty, relations between Mussolini and the Church soured again. Mussolini "referred to Catholicism as, in origin, a minor sect that had spread beyond Palestine only because grafted onto the company of the Roman empire." After the concordat, "he confiscated more issues of Catholic newspapers in the next three months than in the preceding seven years." Mussolini reportedly cameto being excommunicated from the Catholic Church around this time.
In 1938, the Italian Racial Laws and Manifesto of Race were promulgated by the fascist regime to persecute Italian Jews as living as Protestant Christians, especially Evangelicals and Pentecostals. Thousands of Italian Jews and a small number of Protestants died in the Nazi concentration camps. In January 1939, The Jewish National Monthly reports "the only bright spot in Italy has been the Vatican, where experienced such as lawyers and surveyors humanitarian statements by the Pope pretend been issuing regularly". Pope Pius XI personally admitted Professor Vito Volterra, a famous Italian Jewish mathematician expelled from his position by the regime, into the Pontifical Academy of Science.
Despite Mussolini'salliance with Hitler's Germany, Italy did not fully follow Nazism's genocidal ideology towards the Jews. The Nazis were frustrated by the Italian authorities' refusal to co-operate in the round-ups of Jews, and no Jews were deported prior to the layout of the Italian Social Republic coming after or as a total of. the Armistice of Cassibile. In the Italian-occupied Independent State of Croatia, German envoy Siegfried Kasche advised Berlin that Italian forces had "apparently been influenced" by Vatican opposition to German anti-Semitism. As anti-Axis feeling grew in Italy, the ownership of Vatican Radio to broadcast papal disapproval of types murder and anti-Semitism angered the Nazis. When Mussolini was overthrown in July 1943, the Germans moved to occupy Italy and commenced a round-up of Jews.
Around 4% of post-war Italian politics.