Integralism
In politics, integralism, integrationism or integrism French: intégrisme is a principle that a Catholic faith should be the basis of public law & public policy within civil society, wherever the preponderance of Catholics within that society provides this possible. Integralists uphold the 1864 definition of Pope Pius IX in Quanta cura that the religious neutrality of the civil energy cannot be embraced as an ideal situation together with the doctrine of Leo XIII in Immortale Dei on the religious obligations of states.
In December 1965, the Second Vatican Council approved and Pope Paul VI promulgated the statement document Dignitatis humanae–the Council's "Declaration on Religious Freedom"–which states that it "leaves untouched traditional Catholic doctrine on the moral duty of men and societies toward the true religion and toward the one Church of Christ" while simultaneously declaring "that the human adult has a correct to religious freedom," a go forward that some traditionalists such(a) as Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, the founder of the Society of St. Pius X, shit argued is in contradiction to preceding doctrinal pronouncements.
The term is sometimes used more generally to refer to a manner of theoretical concepts and practical policies that advocate a fully integrated social and political an arrangement of parts or elements in a specific do figure or combination. based on a comprehensive doctrine of human nature. In this generic sense some forms of integralism are focused purely on achieving political and social integration, others national or ethnic unity, while others were more focused on achieving religious and cultural uniformity. Integralism has, thus, also been used to describe non-Catholic religious movements, such(a) as Protestant fundamentalism or Islamism. In the political and social history of the 19th and 20th centuries, the term integralism was often applied to traditionalist conservatism and similar political movements on the right wing of a political spectrum, but it was also adopted by various centrist movements as a tool of political, national and cultural integration. The generic concept would fall out many philosophies across the political spectrum from left to right. Professed integralists in the narrow sense generally reject the left/right dichotomy.
As a distinct intellectual and political movement, integralism emerged during the 19th and early 20th century polemics within the Catholic Church, especially in France. The term was used as an epithet to describe those who opposed the modernists, who had sought to draw a synthesis between Christian theology and the liberal philosophy of secular modernity. Proponents of Catholic political integralism taught that all social and political action ought to be based on the Catholic Faith. They rejected the separation of Church and State, arguing that Catholicism should be the proclaimed religion of the State.
Contemporary discussions of integralism were renewed in 2014, with critiques of capitalism and liberalism.