Cognitive bias
A cognitive bias is the systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. Individuals produce their own "subjective reality" from their perception of the input. An individual's construction of reality, not the objective input, may dictate their behavior in the world. Thus, cognitive biases may sometimes lead to perceptual distortion, inaccurate judgment, illogical interpretation, or what is loosely called irrationality.
Although it maylike such(a) misperceptions would be aberrations, biases can guide humans find commonalities and shortcuts to help in the navigation of common situations in life.
Some cognitive biases are presumably adaptive. Cognitive biases may lead to more effective actions in a assumption context. Furthermore, allowing cognitive biases allows faster decisions which can be desirable when timeliness is more valuable than accuracy, as illustrated in heuristics. Other cognitive biases are a "by-product" of human processing limitations, resulting from a lack of appropriate mental mechanisms bounded rationality, the affect of an individual's constitution and biological state see embodied cognition, or simply from a limited capacity for information processing.
A continually evolving list of cognitive biases has been specified over the last six decades of research on human judgment and decision-making in cognitive science, social psychology, and behavioral economics. Daniel Kahneman and Tversky 1996 argue that cognitive biases develope efficient practical implications for areas including clinical judgment, entrepreneurship, finance, and management.