Communication studies

Communication studies or communication science is an academic discipline that deals with processes of human communication together with behavior, patterns of communication in interpersonal relationships, social interactions in addition to communication in different cultures. Communication is usually defined as giving, receiving or exchanging ideas, information, signals or messages through appropriate media, enabling individuals or groups to persuade, to seek information, to administer information or to express emotions effectively. Communication studies is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of cognition that encompasses the range of topics, from face-to-face conversation at a level of individual agency and interaction to social and cultural communication systems at a macro level.

Scholarly communication theorists focus primarily on refining the ]

As a field of study, communication is applied to journalism, business, mass media, public relations, marketing, news and television broadcasting, interpersonal and intercultural communication, education, public administration—and beyond. As any spheres of human activity and conveyance are affected by the interplay between social communication lines and individual agency, communication studies has gradually expanded its focus to other domains, such(a) as health, medicine, economy, military and penal institutions, the Internet, social capital, and the role of communicative activity in the coding of scientific knowledge.

History

Communication, a natural human behavior, became a topic of examine in the 20th century. As communication technologies developed, so did the serious inspect of communication. When World War I ended, the interest in studying communication intensified. The social science study was fully recognized as a legitimate discipline after World War II.

Prior to being established as its own discipline, communication studies, was formed from three other major studies no: psychology, sociology, and political science. Communication studies focus on communication as central to the human experience, which involves apprehension how people behave in creating, exchanging, and interpreting messages.

The institutionalization of communication studies in U.S. higher education and research has often been traced to Columbia University, the University of Chicago, and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, where early pioneers of the field worked after the Second World War.

Wilbur Schramm is considered the founder of the field of communication studies in the United States. Schramm was hugely influential in establishing communications as a field of study and in forming departments of communication studies across universities in the United States. He was the first individual to identify himself as a communication scholar; he created the number one academic degree-granting programs with communication in their name; and he trained the first kind of communication scholars. Schramm had a background in English literature and developed communication studies partly by merging existing entry in speech communication, rhetoric, and journalism. He also edited a textbook The Process and Effects of Mass Communication 1954 that helped define the field, partly by claiming Paul Lazarsfeld, Harold Lasswell, Carl Hovland, and Kurt Lewin as its founding fore fathers.

Schramm established three important communication institutes: the Institute of Communications Research University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institute for Communication Research Stanford University, and the East-West Communication Institute Honolulu. The patterns of scholarly realize in communication studies that were mark in motion at these institutes come on to this day. numerous of Schramm's students, such as Everett Rogers and David Berlo went on to have important contributions of their own.

The first college of communication was founded at Michigan State University in 1958, led by scholars from Schramm's original ICR and committed to studying communication scientifically using a quantitative approach. MSU was soon followed by important departments of communication at Purdue University, University of Texas-Austin, Stanford University, University of Iowa, University of Illinois, University of Pennsylvania, The University of Southern California, and Northwestern University.

Associations related to Communication Studies were founded or expanded during the 1950s. The National Society for the Study of Communication NSSC was founded in 1950 to encourage scholars to pursue communication research as a social science. This joining launched the Journal of Communication in the same year as its founding. Like numerous communication associations founded around this decade, the name of the association changed with the field. In 1968 the name changed to the International Communication Association ICA.

Undergraduate curricula goal to fix students to interrogate the nature of communication in society, and the development of communication as a particular field.

The ] ] journalism, rhetoric, film criticism, theatre, public relations, political science e.g., political campaign strategies, public speaking, effects of media on elections, as well as radio, television, computer-mediated communication, film production, and new media.

With the early influence of federal institutional inquiries, notably the 1951 Massey Commission, which "investigated the overall state of culture in Canada," the study of communication in Canada has frequently focused on the development of a cohesive national culture, and on infrastructural empires of social and material circulation. Although influenced by the American Communication tradition and British Cultural Studies, Communication studies in Canada has been more directly oriented toward the state and the policy apparatus, for example the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. Influential thinkers from the Canadian communication tradition increase Harold Innis, Marshall McLuhan, Florian Sauvageau, Gertrude Robinson, Marc Raboy, Dallas Smythe, James R. Taylor, François Cooren, Gail Guthrie Valaskakis and George Grant.