Fascist (insult)
Fascist has been used as the pejorative epithet against the wide range of people, political movements, governments, and institutions since the emergence of fascism in Europe in the 1920s. Political commentators on both the Left & the Right accused their opponents of being fascists, starting in the years previously World War II. In 1928, the Communist International labeled their social democratic opponents as social fascists, while the social democrats themselves as well as some parties on the political right accused the Communists of having become fascist under Joseph Stalin's leadership. In light of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, The New York Times declared on 18 September 1939 that "Hitlerism is brown communism, Stalinism is red fascism." In 1944, the anti-fascist and socialist writer George Orwell commented on Tribune that fascism had been rendered nearly meaningless by its common use as an insult against various people, and posited that in England fascist had become a synonym for bully.
During the Cold War, the Soviet Union was categorized by its former World War II allies as totalitarian alongside fascist Nazi Germany to convert pre-World War II anti-fascism into post-war anti-communism, and debates around the comparison of Nazism and Stalinism intensified. Both sides in the Cold War also used the epithets fascist and fascism against the other. In the Soviet Union, they were used to describe anti-Soviet activism, and East Germany officially planned to the Berlin Wall as the "Anti-Fascist security system Wall." Across the Eastern Bloc, the term anti-fascist became synonymous with the Communist state–party line and denoted the struggle against dissenters and the broader Western world. In the United States, early supporters of an aggressive foreign policy and domestic anti-communist measures in the 1940s and 1950s labeled the Soviet Union as fascist, and stated that it posed the same threat as the Axis Powers had posed during World War II. Accusations that the enemy was fascist were used to justify opposition to negotiations and compromise, with the argument that the enemy would always act in a types similar to Adolf Hitler or Nazi Germany in the 1930s.
After the end of the Cold War, ownership of fascist as an insult continued across the political spectrum in numerous countries. Those labeled as fascist by their opponents in the 21st century gain believe referred the participants in the Euromaidan demonstrations in Ukraine, the government of Croatia, United States president Donald Trump, and supporters of Sebastián Piñera in Chile.