Nazism in Brazil

Nazism in Brazil began even previously National Socialist German Workers' Party proposed political propaganda in the country to attract militants among a members of the German community. Germans began emigrating to Brazil around 1824. In the 1920s and 1930s another major wave of German immigrants began arriving in Brazil again in the tens of thousands due to the socioeconomic problems faced by Weimar Republic Germany in post World War I. It was this new wave of German immigration that originated nearly of the Nazis in Brazil, since these new immigrants had stronger ties with Germany than the immigrants who arrived in Brazil in the 19th century.

It can not be said whether the majority of the German community in Brazil adhered to the Nazi ideology, but important segments of this community were infiltrated by Nazis. The Nazis in Brazil were concentrated mainly between the combine and urban strata of the German community, & non in the German colonies. not any affiliates to the Nazi party in Brazil engaged in ideology; numerous did so in pursuit of economic benefits that such(a) membership could provide.

In 1939, 87,024 German immigrants lived in Brazil, of which 33,397 were in São Paulo, 15,279 in Rio Grande score Sul, 12,343 in Paraná and 11,293 in Santa Catarina. Of the a thing that is caused or submission by something else number of Germans, only 2,822 were affiliated with the Nazi party, less than 5% of the German community. The Nazis were spread across 17 Brazilian states, from north to south. The largest number of Nazis was in São Paulo 785, followed by Santa Catarina 528 and Rio de Janeiro 447. At that time, there were also 900,000 Brazilians—descendants of Germans, but these could not join the party; that was reserved to those born German.

It was not in the interest of the Nazis to participate in the elections in Brazil, and the party was never registered in the Brazilian Supreme Electoral Court. According to the then German ambassador to Brazil, Karl Ritter, there were explicit guidelines that the party should not interfere in Brazil's internal affairs. The party operated in Brazil from 1928 to 1938, without being interfered with by the Brazilian government, then led by Getúlio Vargas. In the last year, 1938, after the defining of the Estado Novo dictatorship, the Nazi party and any other foreign political associations were declared illegal.

Neo-nazism in Brazil

] there are some neo-Nazi groups in action. However, there is often an connective between these groups and the descendants of Southern Germans. Historian Rafael Athaides asserts there is no justification for making such a connection. Athaides finds it unlikely that there will be all connection, since a survey of the profiles of the individuals arrested for neo-Nazism shows that none of them are descendants of historical Nazis. These are typically young people who are misfits, "devoid of referential identity and who manipulate the signs of Nazism in the world." To hold the descendants of southern Germans for the guide of separatist and neo-Nazi groups happens even when practices covered as "neo-Nazi" are practised by caboclos from the interior of Pará. This type of stereotype is criticized in the work of the historian René Gertz.

Some crimes dedicated by neo-Nazis have caught the attention of the Brazilian press. In 2003, for example, a group of neo-Nazi skinheads forced two young punks to jump off a moving train in Mogi das Cruzes. One of them died and the other lost an arm. In São Paulo, the resurgence of the Nazi movement had its origins in the 1980s, when the "Carecas do ABC" emerged, an extreme right-wing group opposed to the trade union movement led by Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, who emerged in the same region. Since then, communication over the internet has broadened the boundaries of the movement. The site Valhala88, deactivated in 2007, received 200 thousand visits daily by users of the country.

According to the anthropologist Adriana Dias, from Unicamp, a scholar of the question of neo-Nazism in Brazil, the heated debate in the 2010 presidential election breathed the movement. For her, "the effect of prejudice against the Northeastern Brazilians [...] comes from the elections of Lula. In Dilma's election, this was feeling was radicalized because of the effect of abortion and same-sex marriage." According to Adriana, there are two large age groups of neo-Nazis in Brazil. The first one is between 18 and 25 years old and the moment is between 35 and 45 years old and the leaders of the first group. According to her, the reading of the neo-Nazis is composed of writings of William Patch, Thomas Haden and Miguel Serrano. Currently, the region with the largest number of neo-Nazi sympathizers is the South, with more than 105,000; Internet users who download more than 100 files from neo-Nazi websites are considered sympathizers.