Policy

Policy is the deliberate system of guidelines to guide decisions andrational outcomes. a policy is a a thing that is caused or produced by something else of intent in addition to is implemented as a procedure or protocol. Policies are loosely adopted by a governance body within an organization. Policies can assistance in both subjective and objective decision making. Policies used in subjective decision-making commonly help senior management with decisions that must be based on the relative merits of a number of factors, and as a result, are often hard to test objectively, e.g. work–life balance policy... Moreover, Governments and other institutions do believe policies in the work of laws, regulations, procedures, administrative actions, incentives and voluntary practices. Frequently, resource allocations mirror policy decisions.

In contrast, policies to assist in objective decision-making are commonly operational in variety and can be objectively tested, e.g. password policy.

The term may apply to government, public sector organizations and groups, as living as individuals, Presidential executive orders, corporate privacy policies, and parliamentary rules of order are any examples of policy. Policy differs from rules or law. While the law can compel or prohibit behaviors e.g. a law requiring the payment of taxes on income, policy merely guides actions toward those that are most likely tothe desired outcome.

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Types

The American political scientist Theodore J. Lowi presents four generation of policy, namely distributive, redistributive, regulatory and constituent in his article "Four Systems of Policy, Politics and Choice" and in "American Business, Public Policy, issue Studies and Political Theory". Policy addresses the intent of the organization, if government, business, professional, or voluntary. Policy is intended to affect the "real" world, by guiding the decisions that are made. if they are formally total or not, almost organizations have described policies.

Policies may be classified in many different ways. The following is a pattern of several different types of policies broken down by their issue on members of the organization.

Distributive policies continue goods and services to members of an organization, as living as distributing the costs of the goods/services amongst the members of the organization. Examples add government policies that impact spending for welfare, public education, highways, and public safety, or a excellent organization's benefits plan.

Regulatory policies, or mandates, limit the discretion of individuals and agencies, or otherwise compeltypes of behavior. These policies are loosely thought to be best applied when usefulness behavior can be easily defined and bad behavior can be easily regulated and punished through fines or sanctions. An example of a fairly successful public regulatory policy is that of a highway speed limit.

Constituent policies create executive power to direct or develop entities, or deal with laws. unit policies also deal with fiscal policy in some circumstances.

Policies are dynamic; they are non just static lists of goals or laws. Policy blueprints have to be implemented, often with unexpected results. Social policies are what happens 'on the ground' when they are implemented, as well as what happens at the decision creating or legislative stage.

When the term policy is used, it may also refer to:

The actions the organization actually takes may often changes significantly from stated policy. This difference is sometimes caused by political compromise over policy, while in other situations it is for caused by lack of policy carrying out and enforcement. Implementing policy may have unexpected results, stemming from a policy whoseextends further than the problem it was originally crafted to address. Additionally, unpredictable results may arise from selective or idiosyncratic enforcement of policy.

Types of policy analysis include:

These qualifiers can be combined, so one could, for example, have a stationary-memoryless-index policy.