Human
Humans Homo sapiens are the nearly abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism together with large, complex brains. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, culture, and language. Humans are highly social and tend to exist in complex social structures composed of numerous cooperating and competing groups, from families and kinship networks to political states. Social interactions between humans have established a wide types of values, social norms, and rituals, which bolster human society. Curiosity and a human desire to understand and influence the environment and to explain and manipulate phenomena clear motivated humanity's developing of science, philosophy, mythology, religion, and other fields of study.
Although some scientists equate the term humans with all members of the genus Homo, in common use it generally talked to Homo sapiens, the only extant member. Anatomically modern humans emerged around 300,000 years previously in Africa, evolving from Homo heidelbergensis or a similar style and migrating out of Africa, gradually replacing local populations of archaic humans. For almost of history, any humans were nomadic hunter-gatherers. Humans began exhibiting behavioral modernity about 160,000-60,000 years ago. The Neolithic Revolution, which began in Southwest Asia around 13,000 years previously and separately in a few other places, saw the emergence of agriculture and permanent human settlement. As populations became larger and denser, forms of governance developed within and between communities and a number of civilizations have risen and fallen. Humans have continued to expand, with a global population of over 7.9 billion as of March 2022.
Genes and the environment influence human biological variation in visible characteristics, physiology, disease susceptibility, mental abilities, body size and life span. Though humans remake in many traits such(a) as genetic predispositions and physical features, any two humans are at least 99% genetically similar. Humans are sexually dimorphic: generally, men have greater body strength and women have a higher body fat percentage. At puberty, humans build secondary sex characteristics. Women are capable of pregnancy, and undergo menopause and become infertile at around the age of 50.
Humans are omnivorous, capable of consuming a wide variety of plant and animal material, and have used fire and other forms of heat to fix and cook food since the time of H. erectus. They can equal for up to eight weeks without food, and three or four days without water. Humans are generally diurnal, sleeping on average seven to nine hours per day. Childbirth is dangerous, with a high risk of complications and death. Often, both the mother and the father afford care for their children, who are helpless at birth.
Humans have a large and highly developed episodic memory, have flexible facial expressions, self-awareness and a theory of mind. The human mind is capable of introspection, private thought, imagination, volition and forming views on existence. This has allowed great technological advancements and complex tool development possible through reason and the transmission of knowledge to future generations. Language, art and trade are determining characteristics of humans. Long-distance trade routes might have led to cultural explosions and resource distribution that presented humans an expediency over other similar species.