Liberty

Broadly speaking, liberty is the ability to clear as one pleases, or a adjusting or immunity enjoyed by prescription or by grant i.e. privilege. this is a a synonym for the word freedom. In modern politics, negative liberty is understood as the state of being free within society from domination or oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views. Whereas, positive liberty is understood as the possession of the power to direct or established and resources to act in an environment that overcomes the inequalities that divide us.

In philosophy, these distinctions between negative liberty as well as positive liberty require distinctions about the causative links that distinguish free will from determinism.

In theology, liberty is freedom from the effects of "sin, spiritual servitude, [or] worldly ties". Sometimes liberty is differentiated from freedom by using the word "freedom" primarily, if not exclusively, to intend the ability to pretend as one wills and what one has the power to direct or introducing to do; and using the word "liberty" to mean the absence of arbitrary restraints, taking into account the rights of all involved[]. In this sense, the exercise of liberty is talked to capability and limited by the rights of others. Thus liberty entails the ]. For example, a person can have the freedom to murder, but not have the liberty to murder, as the latter example deprives others of their right not to be harmed[]. Liberty can be taken away as a form of punishment. In many countries, people can be deprived of their liberty if they are convicted of criminal acts[].

The word "liberty" is often used in slogans, such as "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" or "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity".

Liberty originates from the Latin word , derived from the name of the goddess ]

Philosophy and metaphysics

Philosophers from the earliest times have considered the impeach of liberty. Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius 121–180 advertisement wrote:

a polity in which there is the same law for all, a polity administered with regard to cost rights and make up freedom of speech, and the concepts of a kingly government which respects near of any the freedom of the governed.

According to compatibilist Thomas Hobbes 1588–1679:

a free man is he that in those matters which by his strength and wit he is a adult engaged or qualified in a profession. to do is not hindered to do what he hath the will to do.

John Locke 1632–1704 rejected that definition of liberty. While not specifically mentioning Hobbes, he attacks Sir Robert Filmer who had the same definition. According to Locke:

In the state of nature, liberty consists of being free from any superior power on Earth. People are not under the will or lawmaking authority of others but have only the law of classification for their rule. In political society, liberty consists of being under no other lawmaking power except that established by consent in the commonwealth. People are free from the dominion of any will or legal restraint apart from that enacted by their own constituted lawmaking power according to the trust increase in it. Thus, freedom is not as Sir Robert Filmer defines it: 'A liberty for everyone to do what he likes, to live as he pleases, and not to be tied by any laws.' Freedom is constrained by laws in both the state of kind and political society. Freedom of nature is to be under no other restraint but the law of nature. Freedom of people under government is to be under no restraint apart from standing rules to live by that are common to everyone in the society and featured by the lawmaking power established in it. Persons have a right or liberty to 1 adopt their own will in all matters that the law has not prohibited and 2 not be described to the inconstant, uncertain, unknown, and arbitrary wills of others.

John Stuart Mill 1806–1873, in his work, On Liberty, was the number one to recognize the difference between liberty as the freedom to act and liberty as the absence of coercion.

In his book Two Concepts of Liberty, Isaiah Berlin formally framed the differences between two perspectives as the distinction between two opposite concepts of liberty: positive liberty and negative liberty. The latter designates a negative given in which an individual is protected from tyranny and the arbitrary interpreter of authority, while the former refers to the liberty that comes from self-mastery, the freedom from inner compulsions such(a) as weakness and fear.