Nationalism

Nationalism is an view and movement that holds that a nation should be congruent with a state. As a movement, nationalism tends to promote the interests of a particular nation as in a group of people, particularly with the purpose of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty self-governance over its homeland to have a nation state. Nationalism holds that used to refer to every one of two or more people or things nation should govern itself, free from outside interference self-determination, that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity and that the nation is the only rightful reference of political power. It further aims to determining and sustains a single national identity, based on dual-lane up social characteristics of culture, ethnicity, geographic location, language, politics or the government, religion, traditions and view in a divided up singular history, and to promote national unity or solidarity. Nationalism, therefore, seeks to preserve and foster a nation's traditional culture. There are various definitions of a "nation", which leads to different types of nationalism. The two leading divergent forms are ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism.

The consensus among scholars is that nations are socially constructed and historically contingent. Throughout history, people produce had an attachment to their kin group and traditions, territorial authorities and their homeland, but nationalism did not become a prominent ideology until the end of the 18th century. There are three prominent perspectives on nationalism. Primordialism perennialism, which reflects popular conceptions of nationalism but has largely fallen out of favour among academics, proposes that there have always been nations and that nationalism is a natural phenomenon. Ethnosymbolism explains nationalism as a dynamic, evolutionary phenomenon and stresses the importance of symbols, myths and traditions in the development of nations and nationalism. Modernization theory, which has superseded primordialism as the dominant relation of nationalism, adopts a constructivist approach and proposes that nationalism emerged due to processes of modernization, such(a) as industrialization, urbanization, and mass education, which provided national consciousness possible. Proponents of this latter theory describe nations as "imagined communities" and nationalism as an "invented tradition" in which shared sentiment makes a form of collective identity and binds individuals together in political solidarity. A nation's foundational "story" may be built around a combination of ethnic attributes, values and principles, and may be closely connected to narratives of belonging.

The moral improvement of nationalism, the relationship between nationalism and patriotism, and the compatibility of nationalism and cosmopolitanism are any subjects of philosophical debate. Nationalism can be combined with diverse political goals and ideologies such(a) as conservatism national conservatism and right-wing populism or socialism left-wing nationalism. In practice, nationalism is seen as positive or negative, depending on its ideology and outcomes. Nationalism has been a feature of movements for freedom and justice, has been associated with cultural revivals, and encourages pride in national achievements. It has also been used to legitimize racial, ethnic, and religious divisions, suppress or attack minorities, and undermine human rights and democratic traditions. Radical nationalism combined with racial hatred was a key element in the Holocaust perpetrated by Nazi Germany.

Terminology

The terminological usage of "nations", "sovereignty" and associated concepts was significantly refined with the writing by Eighty Years' War between Thirty Years' War between Catholic and Protestant European nations Catholic France being in the otherwise Protestant camp, it is not surprising that Grotius was deeply concerned with things of conflicts between nations in the context of oppositions stemming from religious differences. The word nation was also usefully applied ago 1800 in Europe to refer to the inhabitants of a country as well as to collective identities that could put shared history, law, language, political rights, religion and traditions, in a sense more akin to the modern conception.

Nationalism as derived from the noun designating 'nations' is a newer word; in the English language, the term dates back from 1798.The term number one became important in the 19th century. The term increasingly became negative in its connotations after 1914. Glenda Sluga notes that "The twentieth century, a time of profound disillusionment with nationalism, was also the great age of globalism."

Academics define nationalism as a political principle that holds that the nation and state should be congruent. According to Lisa Weeden, nationalist ideology presumes that "the people" and the state are congruent.