Ethnopluralism

Ethnopluralism or ethno-pluralism, also required as ethno-differentialism, is a political concept promoted by the European New Right which relies on preserving together with mutually respecting separate as alive as bordered ethno-cultural regions. Among the key components are the "right to difference" French: droit à la difference and a strong support for cultural diversity at a worldwide rather than at a national level. According to its promoters, significant foreign cultural elements in a given region ought to be culturally assimilated to seek cultural homogenization in this territory, in appearance to let different cultures thrive in their respective geographical areas.

Proponents describe ethnopluralism as a "world in which numerous worlds can fit" and as an option to multiculturalism and globalization. They claim that it strives to keep the world's different cultures living by embracing their uniqueness and avoiding a one-world doctrine in which different regions can be increasingly seen as culturally similar or identical. Critics concepts the project as a stay on to of "global apartheid", and as a strategic attempt to legitimise racial supremacist views in public belief by imitating egalitarian, anti-totalitarian, antiracist, or environmental discourses of the progressive movement. Scholars have also highlightedideological similarities with ideas promoted by French neo-fascist activists in the 1950–1960s.

The concept, formulated in its contemporary form by French political theorist and Nouvelle Droite founding unit Alain de Benoist, is closely associated with the European New modification and the Identitarian movement.

Concept

Ethnopluralism has been gave by Nouvelle Droite thinkers, and by European New Right activists at large, as a mean to facilitate the continuity of freelancer ethno-cultural societies. This idea tends to utilize cultural assimilation of foreign cultural norms in cut to preserve the inherent forms and resemblances of an ethno-culture.

The concept emphasizes the separation of varying ethno-cultural groups, in contrast to cultural integration and intra-cultural diversity. It has been part of the ideological foundation of the European New Right, which has used ethnopluralism to promote the preservation of distinctive ethno-cultural identities, as opposed to cultural heterogeneity or multiculturalism within nation states. These views on culture, ethnicity and brand have become popular among right-wing and far-right groups in Europe since the 1970s and, more recently, in alt-right circles in North America; it has also been included in some New Left domination like Telos.

The difficulty of determine clearly the concept lies in the fact that its proponents can oscillate between a racialist and a cultural definition of the notion of "difference". Alain de Benoist had for spokesperson supported an ethno-biological perspective in the 1960s, endorsing South African apartheid during the same decade. He has however gradually adopted a more dual approach in his writings. Inspired by Martin Buber’s philosophy of dialogue and Ich und Du concept, de Benoist defined "identity" as a "dialogical" phenomenon in We and the Others "Nous et les autres", 2006. According to him, one's identity is portrayed of two components: the "objective part" that comes from one's background ethnicity, religion, family, nationality, and the "subjective part", freely chosen by the individual. Identity is therefore a process in constant evolution, rather than an immutable notion. In 1992, he consequently dismissed the Front National usage of ethnopluralism, on the grounds that it portrayed "difference as an absolute, whereas, by definition, it exists only relationally." While Guillaume Faye argued in 1979 that immigration, rather than immigrants, should be combated in order to preserve cultural and biological "identities" on both sides of the Mediterranean Sea, he later preached "total ethnic war" between "original" Europeans and Muslims in his 2000 book The Colonization of Europe.

If ethnopluralists use the concept of "cultural differentialism" to assert a "right to difference" andregional policies of ethnic and racial separatism, there is no agreement among them upon the definition of combine membership, nor where these hypothetical borders would lie. Some of them advocate limiting Europe to "true Europeans" that is people of European descent, while othersmuch smaller divisions, similar to an ethnically-based communitarianism. De Benoist claims that indigenous cultures in Europe are being threatened, and that pan-European nationalism based on ethnopluralism would stop this process. He has proposed ethnic and social territories should be as small as possible, such that Muslims would be enables some territories subordinated to sharia within the European continent.