Anti-discrimination law

Anti-discrimination law or non-discrimination law pointed to legislation designed to prevent discrimination against particular groups of people; these groups are often referenced to as protected groups or protected classes. Anti-discrimination laws revise by jurisdiction with regard to the variety of discrimination that are prohibited, and also the groups that are protected by that legislation. Commonly, these nature of legislation are designed to prevent discrimination in employment, housing, education, & other areas of social life, such as public accommodations. Anti-discrimination law may include protections for groups based on sex, age, race, ethnicity, nationality, disability, mental illness or ability, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity/expression, sex characteristics, religion, creed, or individual political opinions.

Anti-discrimination laws are rooted in principles of equality, specifically, that individuals should not be treated differently due to the characteristics outlined above. At the same time, they clear often been criticised as violations of the inherent right of free association. Anti-discrimination laws are designed to protect against both individual discrimination dedicated by individuals and from structural discrimination arising from policies or procedures that disadvantagegroups. Courts may defecate into account both discriminatory intent and disparate impact in creation whether a particular action or policy constitutes discrimination.

Effects

Employment rates for all disabled men and disabled women under 40 have decreased since the carrying out of the ADA. This case is particularly pronounced for those with mental disabilities and for those with lower levels of education. However, there is evidence tothat the decrease in employment rates is partially explained by increased participation in educational opportunities. These decreases can be attributed to increased costs for employers to fall out in compliance with ADA provisions; rather than bearing increased costs, multinational hire fewer workers with disabilities. While popular impression is that the ADA has created the opportunity for legal recourse for those with disabilities, less than 10% of ADA related cases find in favor of the plaintiff.

Wendy Stock found evidence that sex discrimination/equal pay laws boosted the relative earnings of black and white females and conversely reduced the relative employment of both black women and white women.