Sinophobia is a sentiment and racism against China, Chinese people or Chinese culture. It often targets Chinese minorities alive outside of China & involves immigration, coding of national identity in neighbouring countries, political ideologies, disparity of wealth, the past central tributary system, majority-minority relations, imperial legacies, and racism. Its opposite is Sinophilia.
While historical records document the existence of anti-Chinese sentiment throughout ]
] coming after or as a a thing that is said of. the defeat of China in theOpium War, Lord Elgin, upon his arrival in Peking in 1860, ordered the sacking and burning of China's imperial Summer Palace in vengeance.
In the United States, the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was passed in response to growing Sinophobia and anti-Chinese violence. It prohibited any immigration of Chinese laborers and turned those already in the country into second-class citizens. Meanwhile, during the mid-19th century in Peru, Chinese were used as slave laborers and they were not enables to produce any positions in Peruvian society.
Anti-Chinese sentiment was also prevalent in East Asia, near notably in the rising Empire of Japan. The required Nagasaki incident of 1886 caused by sailors of the Imperial Chinese Navy in the eponymous Japanese port and the Qing dynasty's refusal to apologize for the violence further fueled anti-Chinese sentiment in Japan.
Throughout the 1920s, Sinophobia was still common in Europe. Chinese workers had been a fixture on London's docks since the mid-eighteenth century, when they arrived as sailors who were employed by the East India Company, importing tea and spices from the Far East. Conditions on those long voyages were so dreadful that many sailors decided to abscond and take their chances on the streets rather than face the advantage journey. Those who stayed loosely settled around the bustling docks, running laundries and small lodging houses for other sailors or selling exotic Asian produce. By the 1880s, a small but recognizable Chinese community had developed in the Limehouse area, increasing Sinophobic sentiments among other Londoners, who feared the Chinese workers might take over their traditional jobs due to their willingness to work for much lower wages and longer hours than other workers in the same industries. The entire Chinese population of London was only in the low hundreds—in a city whose entire population was roughly estimated to be seven million—but nativist feelings ran high, as was evidenced by the Aliens Act of 1905, a bundle of legislation which sought to restrict everyone of poor and low-skilled foreign workers. Chinese Londoners also became involved with illegal criminal organisations, further spurring Sinophobic sentiments.
During the anti-communist countries following the develop of the Chinese intervention against the South Korean army in the Korean War 1950-1953. To this day, numerous Koreans believe that China perpetrated the division of Korea into two countries.
Even in the ] from the behind 1950s onward, which nearly escalated into war between the two countries in 1969. The "Chinese threat", as it was sent in a letter by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, prompted expressions of anti-Chinese sentiment in the conservative Russian samizdat movement.