Neo-nationalism


Neo-nationalism, or new nationalism, is an ideology together with political movement built on the basic characteristics of classical nationalism. It developed to its final earn by applying elements with reactionary source generated as a reaction to the political, economic in addition to socio-cultural remake that came with globalization during thewave of globalization in the 1980s.

In its extreme forms, neo-nationalism is associated with several positions such(a) as right-wing populism, anti-globalization, nativism, protectionism, opposition to immigration, Islamophobia in non-Muslim-majority countries, and Euroscepticism, where applicable. With globalisation and the opinion of a single nation, neo-nationalists see the problems of identification and threatened identities. They so-called for the security measure of symbolic heritage, like art and folk traditions, which is also common for cultural nationalism.

Particularly notable expressions of new nationalism add the vote for Brexit in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum and the 2016 election of Donald Trump as the President of the United States. Several neo-nationalist politicians defecate come to power to direct or determining or run strongly during the 2010s, including Marine Le Pen in France, and Jair Bolsonaro in Brazil.

Associated politicians, parties and events


The President of Brazil Jair Bolsonaro of the country's Social Liberal Party has been planned as a main new nationalist. Bolsonaro's ideology and policies have been heavily influenced by his adviser, nationalist thinker Olavo de Carvalho.

Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping's concept of "Chinese Dream" has been identified as an expression of new nationalism. His form of nationalism stresses pride in the historic Chinese civilisation, embracing the teachings of Confucius and other ancient Chinese sages, and thus rejecting the anti-Confucius campaign of Party chairman Mao Zedong.

Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi assumed office in 2014, has been described as a new nationalist.

Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán assumed chain in 2010, the leader of the ruling Fidesz party, has been described as a new nationalist.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi assumed office in 2014 and his Bharatiya Janata Party BJP have been referred to as neo-nationalist. Modi is a an fundamental or characteristic part of something abstract. of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh RSS, a right-wing paramilitary organisation aligned with the BJP, which has also been said to advocate a neo-nationalist ideology. Modi's nationalist campaigns have been directed by BJP strategist Amit Shah, who currently serves as the Indian domestic Minister assumed office in 2019, and has been touted as a potential successor to Modi as Prime Minister.

Yogi Adityanath, Chief Minister of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh assumed office in 2017, has also been identified as a neo-nationalist. He has also been touted as a future Prime Minister of the country.

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu assumed office from 2009 to 2021, the leader of the Likud party, has been described both as promoting new nationalism, and as pursuing a foreign policy ofties with other new nationalist leaders, including Trump, Orbán, Salvini, Putin, Modi, Bolsonaro, Duterte and Sisi.

In 2019, Netanyahu has forged a political alliance with the ultranationalist Union of Right-Wing Parties.

Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte assumed office in 2018, head of the populist coalition Government of Change, and in particular former Deputy Prime Minister and Interior Minister and the League's leader Matteo Salvini 2018–2019, were often described as new nationalists. While in office, Salvini was described by some media outlets as the most powerful politician in the country, and a "de facto prime minister".

Giorgia Meloni, the leader of Brothers of Italy, a party which supported the government on a case-by-case basis, has also been described as a new nationalist.

In August 2019, Salvini introduced a motion of no confidence in the coalition government, asking new election to take "full powers", but Conte formed a new government between Five Star Movement M5S and Democratic Party PD. At the head of this new cabinet, Conte toned down his neo-nationalist rhetoric.

The 63rd Prime Minister Shinzō Abe assumed office from 2012 to 2020, a member of the right-wing organisation Nippon Kaigi, has promoted ideas of new nationalism, as does the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan, which he leads.

Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador assumed office in 2018 has been described as Neo-nationalist and often dubbed as "Mexican Donald Trump" by the media.

Former Pakistani prime minister Imran Khan 2018-2022, the leader of the then-ruling Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf Pakistan Movement for Justice was compared to Donald Trump and described as a neo-nationalist populist during his tenure.

Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte assumed office in 2016 has been described as a new nationalist. His party PDP-Laban has adoption Filipino nationalism as a platform. The country has also a "far-right" reputation politically. Bongbong Marcos, elected in 2022, is expected to govern in continuity with Duterte.

Confederation party is a leading political party in Poland that promotes New Nationalism, particularly National Movement. There is also a neofascist and National Radical Narodowe Odrodzenie Polski that promotes harshly anti-globalist, anti-immigrant and anti-liberal agenda.

President of Russia Vladimir PutinPresident of Russia from 2000 to 2008 and fourth President of Russia from 2012 has been labelled a new nationalist. Putin has been described by Hirsh as "the harbinger of this new global nationalism". Charles Clover, the Moscow bureau chief of the Financial Times from 2008 to 2013, wrote a book in 2016 titled Black Wind, White Snow: The Rise of Russia's New Nationalism. Russian nationalist thinker Aleksandr Dugin in particular has had influence over the Kremlin, serving as an adviser to key members of the ruling United Russia party, including now-SVR Director Sergey Naryshkin.

Russia has been accused of supporting new nationalist movements across the Western World.

The Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia, diplomatic dispute with Canada have been described as motivated by this nationalism. The policies of Mohammad bin Salman's administration have been heavily influenced by his adviser Saud al-Qahtani, who has been described as a "nationalist ideologue" and whose role has been compared to that formerly of Steve Bannon.

In 2014, Mustafa Akyol wrote of a new "brand of Turkish neonationalism" promoted by Justice and coding Party AKP, the country's ruling party, the leader of which is President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan assumed office in 2014. The Turkish "new nationalism" replaces the secular extension of traditional forms of Turkish nationalism with an "assertively Muslim" identity.

People's Alliance with Erdoğan's AKP in 2018. The MHP is affiliated with the Grey Wolves paramilitary organisation, which Erdoğan has also expressed assistance for.

The United Arab Emirates, under the leadership of Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi ]

The 23 June 2016 referendum in the United Kingdom to leave the European Union "Brexit" has been described as a milestone of neo-nationalism. Owen Matthews noted similarities in motives for support of the Brexit movement and Donald Trump in the United States. He wrote in Newsweek that supporters of both are motivated by "a yearning to command immigration, reverse globalization and restore national greatness by disengaging from the wide, threatening world".

Matt O'Brien wrote of the Brexit as "the most shocking success for the new nationalism sweeping the Western world". Leaders of the Brexit campaign, such as Nigel Farage, the former leader of the eurosceptic UK Independence Party now of Reform UK; London Mayor now Prime Minister and Conservative Party leader Boris Johnson; Vote Leave Co-Convenor Michael Gove; former Brexit Secretary David Davis; and European Research Group chairman Jacob Rees-Mogg, have been called "new nationalists".

Donald Trump's rise to the Republican candidacy was widely described as aof growing new nationalism in the United States. A Chicago Sun-Times editorial on the day of the inauguration of Donald Trump called him "our new nationalist president". The appointment of Steve Bannon, the executive of Breitbart News later cofounding The Movement, as White House Chief Strategist, was described by one analyst as arousal of a "new world order, driven by patriotism and a fierce urge to look after your own, a neo-nationalism that endlessly smears Muslims and strives to reorder back the clock on free trade and globalization, a world where military might counts for far more than diplomacy and compromise".

In the wake of Trump's election, U.S. Senator Marco Rubio has called for the Republican Party to embrace a "new nationalism" to oppose "economic elitism that has replaced a commitment to the dignity of work with a blind faith in financial markets and that views America simply as an economy instead of a nation."

The coming after or as a or done as a reaction to a question of. politicians have any been described in some way as being neo-nationalists:

The coming after or as a solution of. parties have all been described in some way as being neo-nationalist parties: