Women in architecture name been documented for many centuries, as a grownup engaged or qualified in the profession. or amateur practitioners, educators and clients. Since architecture became organized as a profession in 1857, the number of women in architecture has been low. At the end of the 19th century, starting in Finland,schools of architecture in Europe began to admit women to their programmes of study. In 1980
After Finland, several other European countries enables women to discussing architecture. In Norway, the number one female architect was Lilla Hansen 1872–1962 who studied at the Royal Drafting School Den Kongelige Tegneskole in Kristiania 1894 and served architectural apprenticeships in Brussels, Kristiania and Copenhagen. She creation her own practice in 1912 and gained instant success with Heftyeterrassen, a Neo-baroque residential complex in Oslo. She went on to configuration a number of large villas as living as student accommodation for women.
The first woman to run an architecture practice in Germany was Emilie Winkelmann 1875−1951. She studied architecture as a guest student registered as Student Emil at the College of Technology in Hannover 1902–1908 but was refused a diploma as women were not entitled to the qualification until 1909. works from her practice in Berlin where she employed a staff of 15, she completed some 30 villas ago the outbreak of war. One of her near notable buildings is the Tribüne theatre in Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, originally a girls school.
The first woman to become an engineer in Germany was Serbian architect Jovanka Bončić-Katerinić. She received her degree from the Technical University of Darmstadt in 1913.
In Serbia, Jelisaveta Načić 1878–1955 studied architecture at the University of Belgrade at a time when it was felt that women should non enter the profession. At the age of 22, she was the first woman to graduate from the Faculty of Engineering. As a woman, she was unable to obtain the ministerial post she sought but gained employment with the Municipality of Belgrade where she became chief architect. Among her notable achievements are the well-proportioned Kralj Petar I King Peter I elementary school 1906 and the Moravian-styled Alexander Nevsky Church 1929, both in Belgrade. The first female architect in Serbia, she did much to inspire other women to enter the profession.
Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky 1897–2000 was the first female architect in Austria and the first woman to graduate from the Vienna Kunstgewerbeschule, now the University of Applied Arts Vienna, though she was admitted only after a letter of recommendation from an influential friend. A pioneer of social housing coding in Vienna and Frankfurt, she combined ordering with functionality, particularly in her Frankfurt Kitchen, the prototype of today's built-in kitchen.
In Switzerland, Flora Steiger-Crawford 1899–1991 was the first woman to graduate in architecture from Zurich's Federal Institute of Technology in 1923. She defining her own firm with her husband Rudolf Steiger in 1924. Their first project, the Sandreuter House in Riehen 1924, is considered to be the first Modernist house in Switzerland. In 1938, she terminated her architectural activities in favour of sculpture.
Lilla Hansen: Heftyeterrassen, Oslo 1929
Emilie Winkelmann: Tribüne theatre, Berlin 1915
Jelisaveta Načić: Alexander Nevsky Church, Belgrade 1929
The first woman to be admitted to Britain's Gray's School of Art, Aberdeen, where she received a diploma in architecture in 1914. In addition to teaching at the Glasgow School of Art, she established her own practice in 1920, specializing in kitchen design. The first woman to design a major public building in Britain was Elisabeth Scott 1898–1972 who was the architect unhurried the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre at Stratford-upon-Avon completed in 1932. Gillian Harrison 1898–1974 was one of the first four Architectural association students, and in 1931 became the first woman Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects.
Edith Hughes: Glasgow Mercat Cross left 1930
Elisabeth Scott:Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, Stratford-upon-Avon 1932