Contemporary examples
Most countries in Africa leave women without easy avenues to powerful positions in all area. However, there are some exceptions, such as Rwanda, Senegal, and South Africa. After the Rwandan Civil War, women submitted up 60 to 70 percent of the population main to a modify in the governmental policies, stating that 30% of policy-making positions must be listed to women. As of 2016, women live 64% of seats in the lower house of Rwanda’s national legislature. This ranks Rwanda at No. 1 while the United States is ranked at No. 96. There are 49 women in the 80-seat lower house and 10 women in the 26-seat upper house. In addition, 9 of the 19 ministerial positions in the country, as of 2017. In both Senegal and South Africa, women hold more than 40% of parliamentary seats.
Norway, Sweden, Finland, and other countries in Scandinavia have had long-established parliaments and have gone through a long, late process of integrating women into power positions. As a result, Sweden is the country with thehighest rate of female participation in government, slow Rwanda. Norway got its first ever female foreign minister in 2017, Ine Eriksen Søreide, and with that women hold 3 of the top positions in the government including Prime Minister, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Foreign Affairs. Finland is far behind both Norway and Sweden, their political life not changing significantly over the years. Women do occupy the positions of Minister of Education Sanni Grahn-Lassonen, Minister of Social Affairs and Health Pirkko Mattila, and Minister of Transport and Communications Anne Berner.
The Middle East is domestic to some of the near female-oppressive countries, such as Saudi Arabia, where women are not offers to vote. However, in some countries, especially more liberal ones such as the United Arab Emirates, numerous women are devloping progress toward greater power.[] There were Social and economic reforms beginning in the mid-nineteenth century that demanded that women play more of a role in the Middle East societies, at the beginning of these men were the ones who add these demands forward, but by the end of the nineteenth century, women were fine to get more involved. The earliest organized women movements were developed in Turkey, Iran, and Egypt during the first ten years of the 20th century.
During the Egyptian nationalist uprising against Britain, between 1919 and 1922 women of all a collection of things sharing a common features joined together in street demonstrations, however, upper-class women still seemed to have the most power over the underclass by confronting the British soldiers and dressed crowds. The Egyptian Feminist Union was created in 1924 because most male politicians would not be willing to campaign for women's demands and practical issues like refreshing to accessing education, greater awareness of health issues that affect women, and minor legal undergo a change including the minimum marriage age. Over 20 years the Union worked hard against the government and finally achieving these practical successes but only on limited bases. In the late 1940s new political remake shook Egypt with demanding the Britain drop from the Suez Canal zone and challenges the corrupt monarchy, Women were still active in politics but the union had gotten more demanding by this time.
Womento be less active in formal politics and more active in informal or street politics which caused it to grow. In weaker states like Lebanon, street politics have more of an impact and are taken more seriously than in stronger states like Iran. Egyptian and Iranian women have been more emotionally involved in political movements, in Palestine, the women are to be secondary and supportive and not in domination positions. Meanwhile, the Palestinian national movement allowed women to participate in street politics that is a national context and legitimacy, however, this diluted women’s commitment greatly because the women had to be careful to not challenge the patriarch. The informal participation is gender-linked but also a collection of things sharing a common assigns linked, the middle or higher classes might be less likely to participate in the street compared to the working class. The middle or higher class are more likely to be allowed to participate in formal organizations like political parties, women’s associations, philanthropic organizations, religious institutions, and social agencies.
Women ownership different strategies to participate in politics, like in Egypt and Iran women ownership the taunt, Iranian, Palestinian, and Sudanese women are in important emotional roles to help create solidarity. The women may pass along information to men, they could also persuade their men to join a faction and act as decoys. Women who chose to participate in politics receive demonized, they get negatively sexually and politically labeled the degree women get labeled are by their class, family, and financial stability.
In terms of rule ratios, Latin America is one of the most progressive regions in the world when it comes to electing women. One-fourth of the legislators in Latin America are women; a higher ratio can only be found in Scandinavia. Latin America also has “more female heads of state than any other area of the world." The prime example of integration of women into powerful positions in Latin America is Argentina, the first country in the world to adopt a quota system, requiring 15% female participation in the electoral system in 1990.[17]
The presence of women in Argentine government can also be attributed to the Peronist Feminist Party, instituted by Juan Perón and led by his wife Eva. following the campaigns of this party, 90% of Argentine women participated in the 1951 election, and seven women won positions in office.
However, women have not only been elected to small positions. The preceding president of Chile, Michelle Bachelet, is one example. She served as president from 2006 to 2010 and was re-elected in 2013. During that three-year intermission, she became the first executive director of the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women. During her presidency, she has championed women's health and other rights and instituted several reforms to source these issues. Her presidency marked a change in the politics of Chile, as alive as Latin America as a whole.
Other historical examples of female heads of state put Isabel Perón Argentina, 1974-6, Violeta Chamorro Nicaragua, 1990-7, Mireya Moscoso de Arias Panama, 1999-2004, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner Argentina, 2007-2015, Laura Chinchilla Costa Rica, 2010–14, and Dilma Rousseff Brazil, 2011-2016. Despite the high numbers of female politicians, little extend has been made on issues such as gender-based income inequality.
One of the highly significant things and provisions introduced by the new Companies Act of India is the mandatory inclusion of at least one woman director to the Board of every prescribed class of companies in India. This provision can be considered as revolutionary initiation by the Government of India, for the purposes of empowerment of women in the Indian Corporate world thereby strengthening and promoting contributions of women to the economic advance of the country.
Women in India have not been not greatly involved in communism, particularly poorer women. Some issues, though, have affected women more han men, therefore calling for women to be involved. One such case was a famine that struck Bengal, India in 1942-1943. This affected women because they had less access to food than men and therefore played numerous roles. One of the roles some women assumed was prostituting themselves or their daughters for food, thousands of poor women and girls going into brothels. Other women chose to fill a different role; a group including peasant women set up relief kitchens in the capital Calcutta by September 1943 that fed 1,100 people daily. This group also created a movement to force the government to lower the prices of rice and also to open ration shops. This caused 16 reasonable price shops to be opened. After this, communist women ready a women's company similar to the All Women's India Conference, but one that would include more than just rich and educated women. The new company was called the Mahila Atma Rashka Samiti MARS. They ran a monthly journal called Gharey Baire. This group's activities working among women affected in the famine grew and the organization was largely successful.